Table 2.

UA administration improves muscle and physical performance after 4 months

Endpoint		Placebo, %	500 mg UA, %	1,000 mg UA, %
Muscle-strength testing	hamstring average peak torque	-9.8c	12a	9.8a
	hamstring max. torque flexion	-9.3c	10.6a,d	10.5a,c
	quadriceps average peak torque	-2.5	2.3	4.7
	quadriceps max. torque extension	-3.3	2.1	5.5
	hand-grip strength	2.4	4.6	5.1d
Aerobic-endurance exercise testing	peak power output	0.7	4.3	3.7
	peak VO2	-1.1	1.6	10.2b,c
	VO2max (predicted)	4.5	-0.8	14.3b,c
	cycling distance	-2	6.8	15b,c
	time to fatigue	-5.6	3.8	3.7
	Borg rating of perceived exertion (lower scores = better)	6.7	-2.5	-3.9
Physical performance	6-min walk distance	-0.1	-0.2	7b,c (33.4 m)
	gait speed	-0.2	-0.2	7b,c
DXA (body composition)	total lean mass	-0.7	0.1	-1
	total fat mass	0.4	0.9	-1.2

Compared with the placebo group, the groups receiving UA exhibited significant improvements in leg muscle strength. The higher-UA-dose group exhibited clinically meaningful improvements on aerobic endurance (peak VO₂) and physical performance (6MWT) compared with low-UA-dose and placebo groups. Body composition was not changed across all groups during the study intervention.

^ap ≤ 0.05 compared with placebo.

^bp ≥ 0.05, but <0.10 compared with placebo.

^cp ≤ 0.05 within-group compared from baseline.

^dp ≥ 0.05, but <0.10 within group compared from baseline.