Metastatic phenotype in intracardiac xenograft models of human BMs
(A) Systemic location of metastases observed in mice after intracardiac injection of human BMs throughout passages (n = 2 NSG mice/passage for each engrafted BM sample, passages IC1–IC3).
(B) Pattern of dissemination of cancer cells across in vivo intracardiac injections (n = 48).
(C–G) Intracardiac mouse xenograft from a 70-year-old female patient with a bladder carcinoma (MET-CF29). (C) Contrast-enhanced coronal T1 magnetic resonance image sequence of a parietal skull metastasis with adjacent dural and subcutaneous tissue invasion. Representative H&E-stained sections of the correspondent mouse xenograft revealing exclusive CNS metastases, (D) in the supratentorial compartment, (E) in the infratentorial compartment, and (F) in the spinal cord. (G) Comparison of the immunohistochemical markers for bladder carcinoma between human BM sample and corresponding xenografted tumor. Scale bars, (D) 1 mm, (E) 1 mm, (F) 250 μm, (G) 50 μm. See also Figure S5 and Table S3.