Fig. 4.

In vitro cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on hydrogel and multiscale design of stiffening and bioactive hydrogels. (a, b) All hydrogels supported initial MC3T3 adhesion/spreading (day 1) and proliferation, as determined by Live/Dead imaging and CCK8 assay of cells seeded on hydrogel surfaces. TCPS acted as the positive control. (c) The ALP and ARS staining of MC3T3 after cocultured with different hydrogels on days 4, 7 and 14. (d, e) Osteogenic gene expression (ALP, BSP, OSX and OCN) of MC3T3 in control, GPEGD, BPDAH-GPEGD and BMP-GPEGD group on days 4, 7 and 14 (day 0 as control).