TABLE 1.

Reviewed studies on epigenetics and neuroinflammation associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Gene	Findings in Mammals	Findings in Zebrafish	References
miR124	PCE causes the promoter hypermethylation and decreases the expression of miR124 in mouse MG.	The inhibition of miR124 activates zebrafish MG.	Guo et al. (2016)
	The decrease of miR124 caused by cocaine exposure post-transcriptionally increases the expression of TLR4 and STAT3 in rat MG.		Periyasamy et al. (2018)
			Chivero et al. (2020)
			Svahn et al. (2016)
miR153	The addition of miR153 mimic suppress the expression of Tnf in mouse MG.	The expression of miR153c is decreased in zebrafish embryo exposed to ethanol	Qiu et al. (2021b)
		Knockdown of miR153c causes the phenotype similar to those of zebrafish exposed to ethanol	Tal et al. (2012)
MECP2	Genes associated with the differentially-methylated regions in the brains of Rett syndrome patients show significant enrichment in genes regulated during MG development	The total numbers of mpx-positive neutrophils, but not mpeg-positive MG/macrophages, in the body is increased in the zebrafish model of Rett syndrome	Vogel Ciernia et al. (2020)
	Mecp2 deficiency causes dysregulation of inflammatory response in mouse microglia		Cronk et al. (2015)
	Mecp2-null microglia show the rise of mitochondrial reactive oxygen and the decrease of mitochondrial ATP production in mice		Zhao et al. (2017)
			Jin et al. (2015)
			Van der Vaart et al. (2017)
UHRF1	Knockout of Uhrf1 causes Tnf promoter hypomethylation and increases the expression of Tnf in macrophages, leading to colitis in mice	Knockout of uhrf1 causes tnf promoter hypomethylation and increases the expression of tnf in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to intestinal damage in zebrafish	Qi et al. (2019)
	Intestinal damage activates peripheral immune cells, leading to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and dysfunction of MG.		Marjoram et al. (2015)
			Fung et al. (2017)
CSF1R	Knockout of Csf1r causes a lack of MG in rat brain	Knockout of csf1r cause a lack of MG in zebrafish brains	Patkar et al. (2021)
			Oosterhof et al. (2018)
RNASET2	Knockout of Rnaset2 causes abnormal activation of MG and increases the expression of interferon-stimulated genes in mouse brain	Knockout of rnaset2 causes abnormal activation of MG and increases the expression of interferon-stimulated genes in zebrafish brain	Kettwig et al. (2021)
			Hamilton et al. (2020)

MG, microglia; PCE, prenatal cocaine exposure; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF, tumor necrosis factor α; MECP2, methyl-CpG binding protein 2; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; UHRF1, ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1; CSF1R, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; RNASET2, ribonuclease T2.