Health Disparities	A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion; socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion.48
Implicit Bias	Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious way, making them difficult to control.40
Discrimination	The unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation.2
Racism	Any action, belief, or attitude, whether conscious or unconscious, that reproduces a racial hierarchy that subordinates an individual or group based on skin color or race. It can be enacted individually, institutionally, ideological, or representational.12
Institutional Racism	Racially adverse “discriminatory policies and practices carried out [within and between individual] state or non-state institutions” on the basis of racialized group membership.6
Structural Racism	The totality of ways in which societies foster [racial] discrimination, via mutually reinforcing [inequitable] systems… (e.g., in housing, education, employment, earnings, benefits, credit, media, health care, criminal justice, etc.) that in turn reinforce discriminatory beliefs, values, and distribution of resources”, reflected in history, culture, and interconnected institutions.6