Table 3.
Adjusted comparison of neuropsychological outcomes between changes from baseline at 4 and 12 weeks after intervention in patients with mild AD (n = 19).
| Outcomes | Control group (n = 9) | Intervention group (n = 10) | 4-week adjusted estimate (95% CI)a; P-value | 12-week adjusted estimate (95% CI)a; P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline at 4 weeks | Change from baseline at 12 weeks | Baseline | Change from baseline at 4 weeks | Change from baseline at 12 weeks | |||
| MMSE | 19.78 (3.19) | 0.89 (2.26) | 0.33 (2.45) | 17.80 (3.22) | 0.60 (2.99) | 1.40 (2.88) | −0.5 (−3.3–2.3); 0.707 | 1.1 (−1.7–4.0); 0.423 |
| ADAS-cog | 19.39 (9.33) | −1.07 (6.60) | −1.70 (7.51) | 21.93 (6.03) | −2.44 (4.72) | −5.04 (5.17) | −0.7 (−6.3–4.9); 0.786 | −3.3 (−10.1–3.5); 0.319 |
| AVLT immediate recall | 12.11 (5.73) | −0.11 (2.89) | 0.44 (2.40) | 11.83 (4.99) | 4.60 (4.77) | 5.30 (5.42) | 4.3 (0.3–8.4); 0.039 | 4.9 (0.4–9.4); 0.035 |
| AVLT delay recall | 2.00 (2.96) | 0.67 (1.41) | 1.00 (2.18) | 1.00 (1.33) | 0.00 (1.49) | 1.80 (2.57) | −0.7 (−2.2–0.8); 0.345 | 1.0 (−1.3–3.3); 0.383 |
| CDT | 9.22 (3.90) | 0.22 (3.07) | −0.67 (3.84) | 9.10 (2.56) | 1.60 (3.34) | 1.00 (2.94) | 0.8 (−2.4–3.9); 0.601 | 1.2 (−2.3–4.6); 0.479 |
| ADCS-ADL | 53.11 (8.81) | −0.11 (3.72) | 2.33 (6.24) | 51.40 (9.67) | 0.10 (6.40) | 2.10 (8.60) | 0.1 (−5.2–5.4); 0.968 | −0.8 (−8.1–6.5); 0.817 |
| GDS-30 | 7.11 (2.32) | 1.44 (4.16) | 2.33 (6.38) | 5.40 (3.03) | 0.10 (2.69) | −0.70 (2.40) | −1.8 (−5.4–1.7); 0.280 | −3.4 (−8.4–1.5); 0.158 |
| PSQI | 6.73 (2.85) | 1.33 (2.00) | 1.56 (3.24) | 6.10 (3.67) | −0.2 (2.57) | −0.4 (2.12) | −1.8 (−4.1–0.5); 0.108 | −1.9 (−4.7–0.8); 0.158 |
a
Controlling for age and sex.
MMSE, mini-mental state examination; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer's disease assessment scale–cognitive subscale; AVLT, auditory verbal learning test; CDT, clock drawing test; ADCS-ADL, Alzheimer's disease cooperative study–activities of daily living scale; GDS-30, 30-item geriatric depression scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.