Table 2. Ongoing NAD+ clinical trials with vascular endpoints.
| NAD+ precursor | Dose | Condition (demographics) | Trial design and phase | No. of recruited participants | Vascular endpoint(s) | Expected completion | Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAM | 2,500 mg/day | Early-onset pre-eclampsia (age: 18–55 years; gender: women) | Single group, open-label (phase 2) | 25 | Changes in mean blood pressure | July 2020 | NCT03419364 |
| NA | Up to 2,000 mg/day | Healthy volunteers (age: 18–99 years; gender: men and women) | Single group, open-label (phase 2) | 24 | Changes in lipoprotein composition and function as well as vascular compliance | July 2020 | NCT02322203 |
| NR | 1,000 mg/day | Hypertension (SBP >130 mmHg; age: 65–105 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (phase 1) | 74 | Changes in systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness | May 2021 | NCT04112043 |
| 1,000 mg/day | Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (age: 35–80 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (phase 2) | 118 | Changes in aortic stiffness and arterial blood pressure | September 2024 | NCT04040959 | |
| 1,000 mg/day | (Pre)hypertension (SBP: 120–139 mmHg; age: 50–79 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (phase 2) | 118 | Changes in systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness | December 2023 | NCT03821623 | |
| 1,000 mg/day | Peripheral artery disease (age: >18 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (phase 3) | 90 | Effects on walking performance, physical activity, quality of life, and skeletal muscle phenotype | April 2022 | NCT03743636 | |
| NMN | 300 mg/day | Middle-aged and old healthy volunteers (age: 40–65 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (phase: N/A) | 66 | Safety and efficacy in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressures | March 2021 | NCT04228640 |
| 400 mg/day | Healthy volunteers (age: 30–60 years; gender: men and women) | Single group, open-label (phase: N/A) | 20 | Tolerability, pharmacodynamics and cardiovascular effects, including arterial blood pressure; heart rate, blood lipids | October 2021 | NCT04862338 | |
| 800 mg/day | Hypertension (SBP: 140–159 mmHg and DBP: 90-99 mmHg; age: 18–65 years; gender: men and women) | Randomized, single (assessor)-blind (phase 4) | 20 | Changes in flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures | July 2022 | NCT04903210 |
We searched the US clinical trial registry (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) using terms “nicotinamide” and “vascular disease” for recently completed or ongoing clinical trials of NAD+ supplementation that have yet to publish results (from database inception to January 2022).
NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; NA, nicotinic acid; NR, nicotinamide riboside; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; N/A, not available.