Table 5.
Region/Country | Rotation | Area (Mha) | Reference | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
North America | ||||
USA | soybean-maize | 42.24a | www.yieldgap.org/united-states | |
soybean-rice | 0.40 | Carroll et al. (2020) | ||
Canada | pulses-wheat or canola | 2.16 | Statistics Canada (2011) | |
South America | common bean/maize | 4.2 | Lithourgidis et al. (2011) | Intercropped with maize |
Brazil | soybean-maize soybean-wheat |
13.42 2.37 |
IBGE (2021); Embrapa personal communication 2021 | > 90% of 2nd harvest maize follows soybean |
Argentina | soybean-wheat | 4.65 | Calviño and Monzon (2009) | Also relay wheat-soybean-soybean double cropping |
South Asia | legumeb-rice-wheat | 4.13 | CGIAR (2018) | Intercropped with wheat or relay crop |
Bangladesh | legumec-rice | 0.78 | Nasim et al. (2017) | |
green or black gram-wheatd | 0.04 | |||
legumee-maize | 0.02 | |||
India | green gram-rice-wheat chickpea-rice-wheat | 0.81 0.30 |
Atlas of cropping systems in India (2001) | |
groundnut-rice grasspea-rice black gram-rice chickpea-rice horse gram-rice pulsesf-rice |
1.03 0.95 0.60 0.30 0.25 0.12 |
|||
chickpea-maize green gram-maize |
0.40 0.16 |
|||
soybean-wheat groundnut-wheat pulsesf-wheat |
2.23 0.16 0.10 |
|||
South-East Asia | ||||
Philippines | green gram - cereals | 0.04 | Sanchez (2021) | |
East Asia | ||||
China | soybean-maize | 1.1 | Hu and Zimmer (2013) | |
soybean-rice | 0.16 | Frolking et al. (2002) | ||
soybean-wheat | 1.6 | |||
groundnut-wheat | 0.9 | |||
Africa | legumeg/maize or other cereals | 8.56 | CGIAR (2018) | Intercopped with cereals |
Sub-Saharan Africa | soybean-maize | 1.5 | Acevedo-Siaca and Goldsmith (2020) | |
Europe | ||||
Lithuania | faba bean-wheat-wheat canola-wheat-pea-wheat pea-wheat-oats |
0.11 | LegValue EU-project, personal communication 2021 | |
Oceania | ||||
Australia | pulsesh-wheat or canola-wheat-barley | 2.26 | FAOSTAT (2021): 2016–17 non-drought years average | Wheat grown on 60%, grain legumes on 10–15% of rainfed arable cropping land. |
1–4 years legume-based pasture-wheat or canola-wheat-barley | 50.0 | Angus and Peoples (2012); Angus and Grace (2017) | Pasture phases tend to be longer in eastern cereal belt than the west. |
Data for the USA corn-belt States (Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin).
Legumes include are chickpea, lentil, pigeon pea, soybean and groundnut.
Legumes include grasspea, lentil, cowpea, groundnut, soybean, green and black gram, pea and chickpea in rotation with either single rice crop (legume with single rice crop may also have another non-leguminous or non-cereal crop) or double rice crop.
Green or black gram in rotation with either single wheat or with rice and non-rice crops.
Legumes include green and black gram, lentil, Sesbania and groundnut in rotation with either single maize or rice and non-rice crops.
Pulse species not identified.
Legumes include cowpea, groundnut, soybean, pigeonpea, chickpea and lentil.
Pules include chickpea (1.08 Mha), lupin (0.57 Mha), lentil (0.35 Mha), and pea (0.26 Mha).