Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies and relevant outcomes.
| Sample characteristics | Outcome athletes (cutoff = 40) | Comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Country | Modality | Sex | Age (years) | Sample size (n) | Male vs. Female (athletes) | |
| Surala et al. (2020) | Poland | 19 Olympic sports | M/F | 20.9 ± 4.7 | 273 | 35.3 ± 3.5 ↓* | M = 35.1 ± 3.1↓* F = 35.4 ± 3.7↓* |
| Uriegas et al. (2021) | United States | Athletes from different sports | M/F | 19.6 ± 1.4 | 1,090 | 37.7 ± 3.7 ↓* | M = 38.2 ± 3.4↓* F = 37.5 ± 3.8 ↓* |
| Athletes versus No-Athletes | |||||||
| Bert et al. (2019) | Italy | Athletes from different sports | M/F | 26.7 ± 5.39 | 549 | 37.26 ± 3.75 ↓* | Control no sport: 37.59 ± 3.63↓* |
| Clifford and Blyth (2019) | UK | University athletes | M/F | 21 ± 1 | 215 | 36.6 ± 3.9 ↓* | No-athletes = 37.2 ± 3.9↓* |
| Segura-García et al. (2012) | Italy | Athletes from different sports | M/F | 16–45 | 794 | M = 37.2 ± 4.3↓* F = 36.7 ± 4.2 ↓* |
Control M = 37.7 ± 3.4 ↓* Control F = 38.4 ± 3.9 ↓* |
| Toti et al. (2021) | Italy | Wheelchair basketball | M | 28.5 ± 1.5 | 60 | 36.9 ± 1.1 ↓* | 34.7 ± 1.1 ↓ |
*Risk of orthorexia nervosa risk considering the cutoff = 35.