TABLE 2.

Multiherbal preparations and their wound healing activities.

Multiherbal preparation	Composition	Source or preparation procedure	Experimental model	Doses and route	Wound healing activity and potential mechanism	Reference
Jing Wan Hong ointment	30 drugs including Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino [Vitaceae], Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae], Lobelia chinensis Lour. [Campanulaceae], Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl [Lauraceae], Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. [Asteraceae], Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Paeoniaceae], and Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong’ [Apiaceae]	Commercially available and obtained from Tianjin Darentang Jingwanhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd	Nerve injury diabetic foot ulcer in rats	Topically applied with gauze immersed with the ointment	Promoted the foot ulcer healing through tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation control, which was dependent on the increased expression of PDGF mRNA.	Jin et al. (2014)
Liu-He-Dan	More than 10 botanical drugs including but not limited to Rheum officinale Baill. [Polygonaceae], Phellodendron amurense Rupr. [Rutaceae], Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae], smoked plum, and Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. [Orchidaceae]	Drugs were powdered and mixed with water and honey into a paste	Patients with radiodermatitis associated with breast cancer	5 g Liu-He-Dan past applied externally once daily	Decreased inflammatory seepage and alleviated pain	Zhou et al. (2015b)
Tuo-Li-Xiao-Du-San	Comprised Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae], Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae], and thorns of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. [Fabaceae] in the ratio of 5:5:4:4	Crude botanical drugs were powered and then extracted by 70% ethanol for three times	Diabetic rats with full-thickness wound	Orally dosed once daily (1.5, 1.5, 1.2, and 1.2 g/kg for the four drugs)	Promoted diabetes-impaired wound healing via reducing inflammation, increasing angiogenesis and collagen deposition	Zhang et al. (2016c)
Ulcer oil	Comprised Phellodendron amurense Rupr. [Rutaceae] and Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae]	Obtained from the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital	Diabetic rats with full-thickness wound	Topically applied (1 ml/cm2) once daily	Promoted wound healing via downregulating PTPIB and AGEs and upregulating VEGF and PDGF.	Jia et al. (2018)
Shengfu Oil	Comprised Phellodendron amurense Rupr. [Rutaceae], Rheum officinale Baill. [Polygonaceae], Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Coptis chinensis Franch. [Ranunculaceae], Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae], Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae], Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae], Sanguisorba officinalis L. [Rosaceae], Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold and Zucc. [Boraginaceae], Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl. [Burseraceae], Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae], Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. [Orchidaceae], Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C.Morren and Decne. [Apocynaceae], Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae], and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl [Lauraceae]	These botanical drugs were powdered and soaked in five times volume of sesame oil for 7 days at room temperature and then further incubated for another 2 h at 90°C. The filtered supernatant was Shengfu oil	Rabbit with full-thickness scalded wound	Topically applied at the dose of 0.15 ml/cm2 three times per day	Showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Promoted wound healing via regulating the expression of β-catenin, Dlk1, and COX-2	Chen et al. (2017)
Sheng-ji Hua-yu formula	Comprised eight drugs including Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae], Rheum palmatum L. [Polygonaceae], Calamus draco Willd. [Arecaceae], Arnebia euchroma (Royle ex Benth.) I.M.Johnst. [Boraginaceae], Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae], and Nacre and Calamine. The amount of these drugs were 60, 15, 15, 10, 30, 30, 30, and 30 g, respectively	The ethanol extract of the drugs was prepared and then extracted with chloroform for four times. The extract was mixed, concentrated, and then mixed with carbomer	Diabetic mice with full-thickness wound	Topically applied the ointment at 0.5 g/cm2/day	Accelerated re-epithelialization and healing time of diabetic wounds via decreasing the high expression of activin/follistatin	(Kuai et al., 2018; Xiang et al., 2021)
Zhangpi Ointment	Comprised six botanical drugs and two minerals including Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. [Fabaceae], Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae], Arnebia euchroma (Royle ex Benth.) I.M.Johnst. [Boraginaceae], Rheum officinale Baill. [Polygonaceae], Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae], and Lycium barbarum L. [Solanaceae], rubber powder and calomel	Obtained from Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital	Hydroxyurea-induced leg ulcers in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms	About 1 mm thick ointment was applied to the surface of the ulcer	Compared with the control group, patients treated with Zhangpi Ointment achieved a significant higher rate of wound healing	Pang et al. (2018)
ANBP	Comprised Agrimonia eupatoria L. [Rosaceae], Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. [Nelumbonaceae], Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae], and the pollen of Typha angustifolia L. [Typhaceae]	Powdered the drugs with ultralow temperature broken method	Rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model	Topically applied the powder	Promoted wound healing and reduced scar formation via the regulation of the TGF-b1/Smad pathway	Hou et al. (2014)
Huiyang Shengji decoction	Comprised Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae] 30 g, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae] 10 g, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. [Asteraceae] 10 g, Poria 10 g, Cinnamomum verum J.Presl [Lauraceae] 10 g, Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux [Ranunculaceae] 10 g, Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum 10 g, Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz. [Rosaceae] 10 g, Sinapis alba L. [Brassicaceae] 10 g, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae] 10 g, Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. [Apiaceae] 10 g, and Glehnia littoralis (A.Gray) F.Schmidt ex Miq. [Apiaceae] 15 g	155 g drugs were soaked for 1 h and then extracted with water. The extract was filter and concentrated, and the concentration was 1.993 g/ml.Then the solution was freeze-dried into powder	db/db mice with full-thickness wound	Orally dosed of the decoction at 19.93 g/kg	Promoted the proliferation of epidermal cells in wounds via increasing EGFR expression and the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway	Liu et al. (2021)