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. 2022 May 12;9:858910. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858910

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Copyright © 2022 Medrano, Molina-Hidalgo, Alcantara, Ruiz and Jurado-Fasoli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of a nootropic ergogenic aid (denoted as white circles) in comparison with a placebo (denoted as black circles) on emotional status differences (Δ = after beverage − before beverage) between before and after the performance of the cognitive test by the participants. Emotional status include positive (A) and negative (B) emotions, intrinsic motivation (C), identified (D) and external regulation (E), amotivation (F), sadness-depression (G), anger-hostility (H), anxiety (I), happiness (J), anxiety state (K), and anxiety trati (L). Circles represent individual values, whereas lines represent mean (i.e., central line) and standard deviation. Differences between nootropic and placebo were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Boldfaced values mean P < 0.05. PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.