Figure 1.

Effect of nCFSM of L. helveticus CNRZ32, L. acidophilus LA-13241 and L. rhamnosus LR-33156 on the expression of hilA, ssrB, flhD, fliC, ssaG and prgI in S. Dublin analyzed by RT-qPCR. The CFSM were prepared from milk fermented 18 h with an inoculation level of 1% and 10%. The change in expression of genes is relative to the non-fermented milk control. Three independent replicates including two technical replicates each were performed. The data shown represents the mean and the error bars represent standard deviations. The stars indicate statistical significance at different levels: ^*P ≤ 0.05.