Figure 6.

Effect of nCFSM from two cocktails of LAB strains on expression of fanC, estA and fim41a in 3 E. coli strains (A), and cpa in 3 C. perfringens strains (B), and the data are presented as fold change of expression levels in nCFSM relative to non-fermented milk. The expression data of virulence genes for E. coli were normalized to gapA and nusG, and C. perfringens were normalized to 16sRNA and GAPDH. Three independent replicates including two technical replicates each were performed. The data shown represents the mean and the error bars represent standard deviations. The stars indicate statistical significance at different levels: *P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01.