Table 2. Intention-to-Treat Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Clinical Outcomes, and Time Spent in Health Care Between Those in the Self-selection Cohort and the Contemporaneously Recruited Randomized Clinical Trial Subseta.
| Antibiotics | Appendectomy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-selection | RCT subsetb | Self-selection | RCT subsetb | |
| Quality of life at 30 d | ||||
| EQ-5D, mean (95% CI) | 0.92 (0.90-0.94) | 0.93 (0.91-0.94) | 0.92 (0.90-0.94) | 0.92 (0.91-0.93) |
| Resolution of symptoms, % (95% CI) | ||||
| By 7 d | 53 (47-59) | 49 (45-53) | 44 (37-50) | 51 (47-55) |
| By 14 d | 72 (66-78) | 67 (63-71) | 62 (55-68) | 67 (63-71) |
| By 30 d | 72 (66-78) | 71 (67-75) | 66 (59-72) | 72 (67-75) |
| Time in health care | ||||
| Days from emergency department arrival to discharge for index treatment, mean (95% CI) | 1.51 (1.31-1.71) | 1.47 (1.33-1.61) | 1.76 (1.49-2.03) | 1.61 (1.50-1.72) |
| Any hospitalization after index treatment through 90 d, % (95% CI) | 11 (8-16) | 26 (22-30) | 6 (4-11) | 5 (3-8) |
| Days in hospital after index treatment through 90 d (95% CI) | 0.23 (0.17-0.31) | 0.72 (0.65-0.81) | 0.08 (0.04-0.13) | 0.11 (0.08-0.14) |
| Any visit to an emergency department or urgent care clinic after index treatment within 90 d, % (95% CI) | 7 (4-12) | 9 (7-13) | 6 (4-11) | 5 (3-8) |
| Visits to emergency department or urgent care clinic after index treatment within 90 d, No. (95% CI) | 0.07 (0.04-0.12) | 0.11 (0.08-0.14) | 0.07 (0.03-0.11) | 0.04 (0.03-0.07) |
| Days missed work within 90 d (95% CI) | ||||
| Participant | 3.85 (3.54-4.18) | 5.68 (5.42-5.95) | 8.12 (7.59-8.68) | 7.86 (7.54-8.18) |
| Caregiver | 0.96 (0.81-1.13) | 1.46 (1.33-1.59) | 2.2 (1.93-2.49) | 2.03 (1.87-2.19) |
| Serious adverse events within 90 d | ||||
| No. of events per 100 participants (95% CI) | 3.65 (1.58-7.2) | 3.93 (2.37-6.14) | 3.32 (1.33-6.84) | 3.49 (1.99-5.66) |
| Any, % (95% CI) | 3 (1-6) | 3 (2-5) | 3 (2-7) | 3 (2-5) |
| No. of NISQIP events per 100 participants within 90 d (95% CI) | 2.74 (1.01-5.96) | 9.11 (6.62-12.23) | 4.27 (1.95-8.10) | 3.92 (2.32-6.20) |
Abbreviations: EQ-5D, EuroQoL Five-Dimension; NISQIP, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; RCT, randomized clinical trial.
Two hundred twenty-three participants in the self-selection antibiotics, 493 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 211 in the self-selection surgery, and 467 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of EQ-5D at 30 days; 230 in the self-selection antibiotics, 515 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 216 in the self-selection surgery, and 498 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of resolution of symptoms by 7 days; 218 in the self-selection antibiotics, 497 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 213 in the self-selection surgery, and 498 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of resolution of symptoms by 14 days; 221 in the self-selection antibiotics, 484 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 209 in the self-selection surgery, and 468 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of resolution of symptoms by 30 days; 257 in the self-selection antibiotics, 549 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 252 in the self-selection surgery, and 541 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of index stay days; 205 in the self-selection antibiotics, 448 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 193 in the self-selection surgery, and 421 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of any hospitalization after index through 90 days; 202 in the self-selection antibiotics, 438 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 190 in the self-selection surgery, and 417 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of days in hospital after index treatment through 90 days; 193 in the self-selection antibiotics, 434 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 186 in the self-selection surgery, and 415 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed to the analysis of any visit to an emergency department or urgent care clinic after index treatment within 90 days; 192 in the self-selection antibiotics, 432 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 184 in the self-selection surgery, and 410 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed to the analysis of number of visits to an emergency department or urgent care clinic after index treatment within 90 days; 145 in the self-selection antibiotics, 314 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 106 in the self-selection surgery, and 298 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of days the participant missed work; 144 in the self-selection antibiotics, 335 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 112 in the self-selection surgery, and 318 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of days the participant’s caregiver missed work; and 219 in the self-selection antibiotics, 483 in the RCT antibiotics subset, 211 in the self-selection surgery, and 459 in the RCT surgery subset groups contributed data to the analysis of number of serious adverse events within 90 days.
Contemporaneously recruited participants in the RCT.