Table 4.
Biological relevance of TAA source genes in CRC
| Source gene | Reference | Biological relevance in CRC |
|---|---|---|
| ASPM—Abnormal spindle microcephaly associated | PMID:31966766; Human Protein Atlas (PMID:28818916) | Overexpressed in CRC; suggested to be unfavorable prognostic marker (involved in mitosis, cell cycle, tumorigenesis); known to be unfavorable prognostic marker in liver, lung, endometrial, pancreatic cancers |
| BUB1—Mitotic spindle checkpoint kinase | PMID: 23747338; PMID: 11782350 | Mutations in BUB1 linked to early onset CRC; inactivation may drive metastasis and progression in CRC |
| CDCA8—Cell division cycle associated 8 | PMID: 25260804 | Overexpressed in CRC, associated with cancer progression |
| CENPE—Centromere-associated protein E | No known association | |
| CENPF—Centromere protein F | PMID:30550624 | Phosphorylation changes associated w CRC malignancy; unfavorable prognostic marker in other cancers (liver, renal, etc.; human protein atlas) |
| DIAPH3—Diaphanous related formin 3 | Human Protein Atlas (PMID: 28818916) | DIAPH3 is prognostic, high expression is favorable in colorectal cancer |
| FANCA—Fanconi anemia group A protein | PMID:27165003; PMID:21286667 | Fanconi anemia predisposes certain cancers; genes in FA pathway participate in CRC pathogenesis (involved in HR repair) |
| HI-5—H1.5 linker histone, cluster member | PMID: 16959974 | Frequently mutated in CRC |
| IDO2—Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 | PMID: 18418598 | Upregulated expression in CRC |
| MACC1—Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 | PMID: 27424982; PMID: 25003996 | Promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer; associated with carcinogenesis through B-catenin signaling and EMT transition |
| MCM10—Minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor | PMID: 32597491 | Decreased mRNA expression in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma samples compared with normal tissues |
| MGAM2—Maltase glucoamylase 2 | PMID: 30996822 | Expressed in GI cancers (TCGA data) |
| MKI67—Marker of proliferation Ki-67 |
PMID:26281861; PMID:27855388; PMID:30727976; PMID:33658388 |
Favorable prognostic marker in CRC, IHC staining (2016); favorable prognostic marker in stage III and IV CRC, IHC staining (2016); poor prognostic marker in CRC based on database meta-analysis (2019); Ki-67 expression important for tumorigenesis |
| MMP12—Matrix metallopeptidase 12 | PMID:27431388 | Overexpressed in CRC compared with control, negative prognostic marker in CRC |
| NOS2—Nitric oxide synthase 2 | Human Protein Atlas (PMID: 28818916) | Cancer enhanced (colorectal cancer); RNA data |
| SPC25 (kinetochore protein) | PMID:32351050; Human Protein Atlas (PMID:28818916) | Highly expressed in CRC (among other cancers); unfavorable prognostic marker in liver cancer, endometrial cancer, and lung cancer |
| ZNF215—Zinc finger protein 215 | Human Protein Atlas (PMID: 28818916) | Cytoplasmic expression in subsets of immune cells, most abundant in gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid tissues (protein data) |
Bold, validated.