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. 2022 May 12;13:874878. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874878

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Copyright © 2022 Xia, Shi, Qian, Han, Lu, Tao, Gu, Zhao, Wei and Lu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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16s rDNA sequencing revealed altered microbiota composition after MTX or MgIG treatment (A) PCoA analysis with the ANOSIM significant test for each group (n = 5). (B) Relative abundance of microbial taxa was determined at the genus level. Top 10 abundances are shown. (C) Significance test of multiple groups using Kruskal-Wallis H test. (D, E) Multilevel species-level bar chart from LEfSe analysis, showing biomarker taxa at the genus level (LDA score) of >4 and a significance of P < 0.05 determined by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (F) 16s rDNA relative expression measured by quantitative PCR. (G) Fecal lactic acid concentration of each group (n = 6). ***p < 0.001, compared with Control group. ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, compared with MTX group.