Table 1.

Medial Patellofemoral Distance Between the MPFC-Intact and MPFC-Deficient States as Measured Using Portable Ultrasound ^a

	MPFC Distance, mm, Mean ± SD		Difference, Intact vs Deficient
Testing Condition	Intact	Deficient	Mean (95% CI), mm	Change, %	P Value b
0° of flexion
0 N	13.5 ± 1.8	16.4 ± 1.7	2.9 (1.1-4.6)	21.5	.005
20 N	17.2 ± 1.4	21.2 ± 2.7	4.0 (1.7-6.2)	23.3	.004
10° of flexion
0 N	13.7 ± 2.2	17.3 ± 2.6	3.6 (1.5-5.7)	26.3	.005
20 N	17.7 ± 1.5	22.8 ± 3.6	5.1 (2.7-7.4)	28.8	.001
20° of flexion
0 N	13.7 ± 1.6	17.8 ± 1.8	4.1 (2.3-6.0)	29.9	.001
20 N	18.3 ± 1.9	24.3 ± 2.7	6.0 (4.1-7.8)	32.8	<.001
30° of flexion
0 N	14.6 ± 1.8	17.9 ± 1.6	3.3 (2.0-4.7)	22.6	<.001
20 N	18.9 ± 2.3	24.4 ± 1.9	5.5 (4.2-6.9)	29.1	<.001
40° of flexion
0 N	14.9 ± 2.2	18.8 ± 2.0	4.9 (2.9-6.9)	26.2	.001
20 N	19.1 ± 2.8	24.7 ± 2.7	5.8 (3.8-7.7)	30	<.001

^a MPFC, medial patellofemoral complex.

^b All P values indicate statistically significant difference between the intact and deficient states (P < .05).