Figure 43.

Skyrmions in 2D magnets. (a) Spin structure of a Néel skyrmion. (b) Pt/Co interface in which the absence of inversion symmetry generates DMI, H_DMI = −(S₁ × S₂)·D₁₂. (c) Side view of the crystal structure of the Janus TMD MnSTe in which the absence of inversion symmetry generates DMI.⁴⁸⁰ (d) DMI strength calculated for the Janus TMD MnSeTe, MnSTe, and MnSSe.⁴⁸⁰ (e) Skyrmions in MnSeTe (T = 10 K in applied field of 0.3 T) from DFT calculation of DMI and Monte Carlo simulations.⁴⁸⁰ Panels (c–e) are adapted with permission from ref (480). Copyright 2020 American Physical Society. (f) Side view of the crystal structure of WTe₂ on FGT.²⁷ (g) LTEM image of Néel skyrmion lattice at 180 K under 510 Oe in the sample 2L WTe₂/40L FGT (L = layer) at tilt angle 30° and under focus. Scale bar: 500 nm.²⁷ Panels (f) and (g) are adapted with permission under a Creative Commons CC BY license from ref (27). Copyright 2020 Springer Nature. (h) TEM image of Néel skyrmion lattice in an oxidized FGT flake (about 50 μm thick) at 160 K, tilt angle 20° and over focus.²⁶ Adapted with permission from ref (26). Copyright 2021 American Physical Society. (i) Magnetization maps derived from analysis of LTEM image for Bloch bubbles in a CGT flake at 17 K in a field of 11.7 mT.⁴⁸¹ Adapted with permission from ref (481). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.