Table 5. Association Between Group Membership and “Living Well” Scores Across Time Points, With Class 2 (Disease-Symptoms) as the Reference Group.
| Outputs from latent growth curve models | QoL-AD unadjusted | QoL-AD adjusteda | SwLS unadjusted | SwLS adjusteda | WHO-5 unadjusted | WHO-5 adjusteda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note. QoL-AD = Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease; SwLS = Satisfaction with Life Scale, WHO-5 = World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. | ||||||
| a Adjusted for age, sex, and dementia subtype; The “no problem” group consisted of 76 people who responded negatively to all Representations and Adjustment to Dementia Index (RADIX) screening questions, indicating that they perceived no difficulties. Full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation was used to account for missing data. The model diagram for this analysis is shown in Figure S1. For estimation of the slope at least two time points are required. There were 748 participants with at least two quality of life measurements, 748 with at least two satisfaction with life measurements, and 815 with at least two well-being measurements. As shown in Table S7, the class compositions remain similar for those participants with two or more time points compared with the total sample. | ||||||
| * p < 0.05. | ||||||
| Intercept | 35.67 (35.12–36.23)* | 33.92 (30.61–37.23)* | 25.14 (24.58–25.69)* | 22.34 (19.53–26.26)* | 57.85 (55.98–59.73)* | 51.81 (40.46–63.16)* |
| Slope | 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.32) | 0.15 (−1.81 to 2.11) | 0.24 (−0.10 to 0.58) | −1.15 (−3.28 to 1.02) | 0.35 (−0.81 to 1.52) | 5.21 (−2.18 to 12.59) |
| Intercept on Class 1 diagnosis | −1.69 (−2.93 to −0.44)* | −1.47 (−2.69 to −0.25)* | −3.53 (−4.76 to −2.30)* | −3.30 (−4.53 to −2.08)* | −8.88 (−13.08 to −4.68)* | −8.24 (−12.40 to −4.07)* |
| Intercept on Class 2 symptoms | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Intercept on Class 3 aging | 2.99 (1.69–4.28)* | 2.50 (1.20–3.80)* | 3.34 (2.05–4.63)* | 2.73 (1.43–4.03)* | 10.04 (5.69–14.39)* | 8.09 (3.72–12.47)* |
| Intercept on Class 4 unclear | 2.19 (1.20–3.17)* | 1.90 (0.94–2.87)* | 2.39 (1.40–3.38)* | 2.19 (1.21–3.17)* | 7.12 (3.77–10.48)* | 6.25 (2.94–9.55)* |
| Intercept on Group 5 no problem | 5.29 (3.85–6.74)* | 4.77 (3.35–6.19)* | 3.90 (2.47–5.33)* | 3.39 (1.98–4.81)* | 13.38 (8.56–18.19)* | 11.44 (6.68–16.21)* |
| Slope on Class 1 diagnosis | 0.12 (−0.57 to 0.80) | 0.11 (−0.58 to 0.79) | 0.15 (−0.57 to 0.88) | 0.32 (−0.42 to 1.05) | 0.67 (−1.83 to 3.16) | 0.43 (−2.11 to 2.98) |
| Slope on Class 2 symptoms | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Slope on Class 3 aging | −0.38 (−1.10 to 0.35) | −0.47 (−1.23 to 0.28) | −0.31 (−1.11 to 0.48) | −0.45 (−1.27 to 0.36) | −2.65 (−5.36 to 0.07) | −2.39 (−5.20 to 0.43) |
| Slope on Class 4 unclear | −0.16 (−0.74 to 0.41) | −0.21 (−0.79 to 0.37) | −0.69 (−1.31 to −0.07)* | −0.66 (−1.28 to −0.04)* | −1.80 (−3.92 to 0.32) | −1.80 (−3.94 to 0.34) |
| Slope on Group 5 no problem | −0.66 (−1.54 to 0.22) | −0.73 (−1.61 to 0.16) | −0.63 (−1.61 to 0.35) | −0.61 (−1.59 to 0.37) | −2.73 (−6.05 to 0.60) | −2.58 (−5.92 to 0.76) |
| Residual intercept variance | 25.32 (21.31–29.34)* | 23.13 (19.31–26.96)* | 23.49 (19.17–27.82) | 22.06* (18.37–26.26) | 282.62 (233.95–331.28)* | 262.24 (215.15–309.34)* |
| Residual slope variance | 2.56 (0.75–4.36)* | 2.23 (0.47–3.98)* | 1.84 (−0.40 to 4.08) | 1.52 (−0.64 to 3.73) | 38.54 (14.34–62.74)* | 35.53 (11.57–59.50)* |