Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and comordities of the total cohort as a comparison of the control period and the study period.
| Leading up to wave 1 | Wave 1 | Between waves 1 and 2 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 4 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control period | Study period | p-Value | Control period | Study period | p-Value | Control period | Study period | p-Value | Control period | Study period | p-Value | Control period | Study period | p-Value | Control period | Study period | p-Value | |
| Number of cases | 2857 | 3004 | 2928 | 2523 | 4558 | 4474 | 6306 | 6050 | 4595 | 4567 | 5051 | 5233 | ||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 74.2 ± 12.8 | 74.7 ± 12.4 | 0.11 | 73.9 ± 12.6 | 73.8 ± 13.1 | 0.68 | 73.6 ± 12.9 | 73.7 ± 13.1 | 0.70 | 74.3 ± 12.8 | 74.2 ± 12.7 | 0.58 | 73.8 ± 12.8 | 73.8 ± 12.9 | 0.88 | 73.9 ± 12.9 | 73.7 ± 13.2 | 0.54 |
| ⩽59 years | 13.2% (376) | 12.9% (389) | 0.84 | 13.8% (404) | 14.8% (373) | 0.32 | 14.6% (667) | 15.3% (684) | 0.40 | 13.8% (872) | 14.0% (844) | 0.86 | 14.2% (654) | 14.2% (649) | 1.00 | 14.0% (706) | 14.9% (778) | 0.21 |
| 60−69 years | 18.6% (530) | 17.2% (518) | 0.20 | 19.4% (568) | 18.4% (464) | 0.36 | 18.8% (857) | 18.3% (820) | 0.58 | 17.4% (1,098) | 17.7% (1,072) | 0.67 | 18.8% (862) | 19.1% (874) | 0.66 | 18.5% (934) | 18.8% (982) | 0.74 |
| 70−79 years | 27.9% (796) | 27.7% (831) | 0.89 | 27.4% (801) | 26.9% (678) | 0.71 | 28.2% (1,284) | 26.4% (1,183) | 0.07 | 27.4% (1,728) | 26.4% (1,597) | 0.22 | 28.2% (1,295) | 25.8% (1,180) | 0.01 | 27.8% (1,406) | 25.8% (1,349) | 0.02 |
| ⩾80 years | 40.4% (1,155) | 42.1% (1,266) | 0.19 | 39.4% (1,155) | 40.0% (1,008) | 0.72 | 38.4% (1,750) | 39.9% (1,787) | 0.14 | 41.4% (2,608) | 41.9% (2,537) | 0.53 | 38.8% (1,784) | 40.8% (1,864) | 0.05 | 39.7% (2,005) | 40.6% (2,124) | 0.37 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 52.0% (1,487) | 50.5% (1,517) | 53.6% (1,570) | 54.1% (1,366) | 53.9% (2,458) | 54.0% (2,418) | 52.2% (3,290) | 52.1% (3,152) | 52.8% (2,428) | 53.8% (2,455) | 53.3% (2,694) | 52.7% (2,760) | ||||||
| Female | 48.0% (1,370) | 49.5% (1,487) | 0.25 | 46.4% (1,358) | 45.9% (1,157) | 0.72 | 46.1% (2,100) | 46.0% (2,056) | 0.93 | 47.8% (3,016) | 47.9% (2,898) | 0.95 | 47.2% (2,167) | 46.2% (2,112) | 0.39 | 46.7% (2,357) | 47.3% (2,473) | 0.56 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elixhauser comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 10.3 ± 10.0 | 9.8 ± 10.1 | 0.03 | 10.4 ± 10.0 | 9.9 ± 9.8 | 0.11 | 10.1 ± 10.0 | 9.8 ± 10.0 | 0.12 | 9.8 ± 9.8 | 9.9 ± 10.0 | 0.58 | 10.6 ± 10.2 | 10.3 ± 10.3 | 0.23 | 9.8 ± 9.9 | 9.2 ± 9.7 | <0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 20.6% (589) | 17.8% (534) | < 0.01 | 20.7% (606) | 16.8% (424) | <0.01 | 21.2% (967) | 17.3% (773) | <0.01 | 18.7% (1,181) | 16.1% (973) | <0.01 | 21.6% (992) | 16.0% (731) | <0.01 | 20.0% (1008) | 14.8% (775) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 35.9% (1,027) | 36.5% (1,095) | 0.71 | 35.8% (1,048) | 34.2% (862) | 0.22 | 33.7% (1,534) | 32.1% (1,437) | 0.13 | 33.9% (2,139) | 35.0% (2,120) | 0.20 | 35.5% (1,629) | 32.6% (1,488) | <0.01 | 33.6% (1,698) | 32.0% (1,674) | 0.08 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 10.0% (286) | 7.2% (216) | < 0.01 | 9.2% (268) | 7.3% (184) | 0.01 | 9.9% (452) | 7.6% (338) | <0.01 | 8.9% (559) | 6.7% (400) | <0.01 | 9.4% (433) | 6.9% (313) | <0.01 | 9.4% (474) | 6.7% (352) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, uncomplicated | 65.8% (1881) | 69.3% (2083) | < 0.01 | 65.5% (1918) | 68.3% (1723) | 0.03 | 61.8% (2815) | 66.0% (2952) | <0.01 | 65.6% (4137) | 67.6% (4090) | 0.02 | 64.1% (2945) | 67.2% (3067) | <0.01 | 62.9% (3,175) | 65.8% (3,443) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, complicated | 15.4% (441) | 12.6% (379) | < 0.01 | 15.9% (465) | 14.3% (362) | 0.12 | 16.8% (766) | 13.9% (621) | <0.01 | 14.4% (908) | 12.0% (728) | <0.01 | 16.1% (739) | 11.5% (527) | <0.01 | 16.3% (821) | 11.2% (586) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 18.6% (532) | 21.5% (645) | < 0.01 | 19.9% (582) | 20.6% (520) | 0.52 | 19.6% (895) | 21.1% (946) | 0.08 | 20.0% (1,262) | 21.5% (1,301) | 0.04 | 20.1% (924) | 20.6% (941) | 0.57 | 19.7% (993) | 20.8% (1,091) | 0.!4 |
| Diabetes, complicated | 12.6% (361) | 9.9% (296) | < 0.01 | 11.1% (324) | 8.5% (214) | <0.01 | 10.6% (485) | 8.9% (396) | <0.01 | 10.6% (667) | 9.5% (576) | 0.05 | 11.4% (524) | 9.0% (409) | <0.01 | 10.3% (521) | 8.1% (423) | <0.01 |
| Obesity | 12.8% (367) | 10.1% (304) | < 0.01 | 12.9% (378) | 9.1% (229) | <0.01 | 12.5% (569) | 10.3% (463) | <0.01 | 12.1% (766) | 9.6% (581) | <0.01 | 13.1% (602) | 8.9% (406) | <0.01 | 12.4% (628) | 9.5% (499) | <0.01 |
| Renal failure | 31.3% (894) | 25.9% (777) | < 0.01 | 30.1% (881) | 25.4% (642) | <0.01 | 29.1% (1325) | 26.2% (1171) | <0.01 | 27.8% (1755) | 26.9% (1626) | 0.24 | 30.4% (1399) | 29.5%(1348) | 0.34 | 28.4% (1435) | 24.0%(1257) | <0.01 |
SD: standard deviation.