Table 1.

Evidence of IL-27 inhibition of viral infection.

Virus	Model	Mode of inhibition by IL-27	Reference
ZIKV	Primary human keratinocytes	Activation of STAT1 leads to OAS2 transcription independent of type I and type II IFNs	Kwock et al. (19)
HBV	Human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2, Huh7)	Increases type I and III IFN production leading to OAS1, PKR, and MX1 transcription	Cao et al. (20)
		Complexes with IL-6R to inhibit infection	Yang et al. (31)
	Human kidney cell line (HEK 293), human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2)	Type I IFN-mediated IL-27 production induces TRIM25 expression	Tan et al. (21)
HIV	Primary human MDMs	Increases IFNα production leading to enhanced APOBEC cytidine deaminase expression	Greenwell-Wild et al. (23)
		Reduces SPTBN1 expression independently of IFNα	Dai et al. (24)
		Increases transcription of ISGs such as MX1, OAS2, and PKR similar to that of IFNα	Imamichi et al. (32)
	Primary human monocyte-derived DCs	Increases transcription of ISGs such as MX1 and OAS2 independently of type I IFNs	Chen et al. (25)
HCV	Human hepatocyte cell line (Huh7.5)	Inhibition partially dependent on IFNα	Frank et al. (26)
	Mice	Increases HCV-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells synergistically with IL-12	Matsui et al. (17)
IAV	Human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2)	Increases transcription of MX1 independently of IFNα and IFNγ	Bender et al. (27)
	Primary human PBMCs and lung epithelial cell line (A549)	Induces IFNα production which leads to expression and activation of PKR	Liu et al. (29)
	Human lung epithelial cell line (A549)	Complexes with IL-6R to induce type I and III IFNs which leads to increased ISG transcription	Zuo et al. (33) Yang et al. (31) Wang et al. (34)
	Mice	Augments NK cell cytokine production and effector functions	Kumar et al. (28)
		Increases IAV-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells	Mayer et al. (35)
		Mediates immunopathology by promoting T-cell production of IL-10	Liu et al. (18) Jiang et al. (36) Sun et al. (37)
CHIKV	Primary human MDMs	Inhibits infection in the absence of IFNs	Valdés-López et al. (38)
LCMV	Mice	Promotes pDC differentiation and NK cell effector functions	Harker et al. (39)
HSV-1	Primary human macrophages and DCs, human epithelial and glioma cell lines (HeLa, U373MG, and T98G)	Enhances proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, IP-10 and MIG production	Heikkilä et al. (40)
	African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (Vero cells)	Complexes with IL-6R to inhibit infection	Zuo et al. (33)
SeV	Primary human keratinocytes	Activation of STAT1 leads to OAS2 transcription independent of type I and type II IFNs	Kwock et al. (19)
	Mice	Mediates immunopathology by promoting T-cell production of IL-10	Muallem et al. (41)
DENV	Primary human cell co-cultures	Production by DCs promotes TFH cell differentiation, supporting B-cell antibody production	Sprokholt et al. (42)