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A proposed model on the uptake of potentially toxic elements and plant response in the roots. Uptake of PTEs by plant roots causing significant up- or down-regulation of essential proteins or enzymes as represented by up and down arrows, respectively. Up and down blue arrows are for Cd, yellow for Cu, violet for Pb, red for Se, and pink for Hg. Abbreviations: GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ATP, Adenosine triphosphate.
