Table I.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics, and initial surgical periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) management strategy according to reporting to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Arthroplasty Registry.
| Variable | Total, n = 501* | Reported as reoperation for infection, n = 376* | Not reported as reoperation for infection, n = 125 | p-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, yrs (IQR) | 69 (61 to 77) | 69 (62 to 76) | 69 (61 to 78) | 0.560 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 269 (53.7) | 204 (54.7) | 65 (52.0) | 0.660 |
| State, n (%) | ||||
| New South Wales | 152 (30.3) | 104 (27.6) | 48 (38.4) | 0.090 |
| Queensland | 36 (7.2) | 30 (8.0) | 6 (4.8) | |
| South Australia | 45 (9.0) | 36 (9.5) | 9 (7.2) | |
| Tasmania | 24 (4.8) | 15 (4.0) | 9 (7.2) | |
| Victoria | 69 (13.8) | 56 (14.9) | 13 (10.4) | |
| Western Australia | 175 (34.9) | 135 (36.0) | 40 (32.0) | |
| Joint, n (%) | ||||
| Knee | 277 (55.3) | 211 (56.1) | 66 (52.8) | 0.330 |
| Hip | 200 (39.9) | 150 (39.9) | 50 (40.0) | |
| Shoulder | 21 (4.2) | 14 (3.7) | 7 (5.6) | |
| Elbow | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | |
| Ankle | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Indication for infected arthroplasty, n (%) | ||||
| Primary | 406 (81.1) | 302 (80.3) | 104 (83.2) | 0.250 |
| Revision | 90 (17.9) | 72 (19.2) | 18 (14.4) | |
| Unknown | 5 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (2.4)) | |
| PJI type, n (%) | ||||
| Early | 121 (24.2) | 77 (20.5) | 44 (35.2) | < 0.001 |
| Late acute | 207 (41.3) | 158 (42.0) | 49 (39.2) | |
| Chronic | 110 (21.9) | 96 (25.5) | 14 (11.2) | |
| Other | 63 (12.6) | 45 (12.0) | 18 (14.4) | |
| Initial PJI management plan, n (%) | ||||
| DAIR | 318 (63.5) | 223 (59.3) | 95 (76.0) | < 0.001 |
| Two-stage revision | 96 (19.1) | 90 (23.9) | 6 (4.8) | |
| Single-stage revision | 23 (4.6) | 17 (4.6) | 6 (4.8) | |
| Excision arthroplasty | 4 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (1.6) | |
| Suppressive antibiotics | 41 (8.2) | 33 (8.8) | 8 (6.4) | |
| No clear plan | 19 (3.8) | 11 (2.9) | 8 (6.4) | |
| Microbiology, n (%) | ||||
| Monomicrobial | 342 (68.2) | 260 (69.1) | 82 (65.6) | 0.250 |
| Polymicrobial | 103 (20.6) | 79 (21.0) | 24 (19.2) | |
| Culture negative | 56 (11.2) | 37 (9.9) | 19 (15.2) | |
| Microbiology species, n (%) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 201 (40.1) | 154 (41.0) | 47 (37.6) | 0.060 |
| Enterobacterales | 38 (7.6) | 24 (6.4) | 14 (11.2) | |
| Beta-haemolytic streptococci | 51 (10.2) | 39 (10.4) | 12 (9.6) | |
| ESCAPPM organism | 42 (8.4) | 30 (7.8) | 12 (9.6) | |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 37 (5.6) | 34 (9.0) | 3 (2.4) |
*
Includes three patients who did not receive any operative management.
†
Comparisons between categorical variables were analyzed using a chi-squared test. Sequential models were compared using analysis of variance.
DAIR, debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention; ESCAPPM, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia, and Morganella species; IQR, interquartile range.