Table 1.
Characteristics of Vietnamese older Immigrants (≥65 years) (N=132)
| All Sample | Depression (n=132) |
Loneliness (n=128) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD, N (%) | Yes (n=47) | No (n=85) | p-value | Yes (n=19) | No (n=109) | p-value | |
| Age (year) Gender | 75.4 ± 6.4 | 76.1 ± 6.7 | 75.0 ± 6.3 | 0.342 | 75.0 ± 6.0 | 75.4 ± 6.5 | 0.785 |
| Female | 72 (54.5%) | 29 (40.3%) | 43 (59.7%) | 0.219 | 14(20.3%) | 55(79.7%) | 0.061 |
| Male | 60 (45.5%) | 18(30.0%) | 42 (70.0%) | 5 (8.8%) | 54(91.5%) | ||
| Marital Status | |||||||
| Married/partnered | 76 (57.6%) | 25 (32.9%) | 51 (67.1%) | 0.449 | 6 (8.2%) | 68(91.9%) | 0.012 |
| Not married | 56 (42.4%) | 22 (39.3%) | 34 (60.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 41 (75.9%) | ||
| Nativity | |||||||
| Vietnam-Born | 132(100.0%) | ||||||
| Years in the U.S. | 26.9 ± 13.0 | 29.9 ± 12.9 | 25.3 ± 12.9 | 0.067 | 29.6 ± 15.1 | 26.4 ± 12.6 | 0.323 |
| Education | |||||||
| 0 year | 26 (19.7%) | 11 (42.3%) | 15(57.7%) | 0.747 | 6 (23.1%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.516 |
| 1 to 6 years | 28 (21.2%) | 10(35.7%) | 18(64.3%) | 4(14.8%) | 23 (85.2%) | ||
| 6+ to 12 years | 59 (44.7%) | 21 (35.6%) | 38 (64.4%) | 6 (10.5%) | 51 (89.5%) | ||
| ≥ 12 years | 19(14.4%) | 5 (26.3%) | 14(73.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 15(83.3%) | ||
| Household Income | |||||||
| < $25,000 | 124(93.9%) | 45 (36.3%) | 79 (63.7%) | 0.518 | 17(14.4%) | 103 (85.8%) | 0.404 |
| ≥ $25,000 Co-Residents | 8(6.1%) | 2 (25.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 6 (75.0%) | ||
| Live alone | 24(18.2%) | 8 (33.3%) | 16(66.7%) | 0.797 | 5 (21.7%) | 17(78.3%) | 0.253 |
| Live with other(s) | 108 (81.8%) | 39 (36.1%) | 69 (63.9%) | 14(13.2%) | 92 (86.8%) | ||
| Language spoken at home | |||||||
| Vietnamese | 116(87.9%) | 45 (38.8%) | 71 (61.2%) | 0.039 | 15(13.6%) | 97 (86.6%) | 0.222 |
| Vietnamese & other | 16(12.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 14(87.5%) | 4 (25.0%) | 12(75.0%) | ||
| Overall Health | |||||||
| Good/Excellent | 32 (24.2%) | 4 (12.5%) | 28 (87.5%) | 0.002 | 3 (9.7%) | 28 (90.3%) | 0.353 |
| Fair/poor | 100(76.8%) | 43(43.0%) | 57 (57.0%) | 16(16.8%) | 81 (83.5%) | ||
| Chronic diseases (yes) | 97(74.1%) | 39 (40.2%) | 58 (59.8%) | 0.039 | 14(15.2%) | 80(85.1%) | 0.979 |
| # of ADL disabilities | 1.3 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | 0.9 ± 1.7 | 0.002 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 1.1 ± 2.0 | 0.020 |
| Dementia Status | |||||||
| Yes | 44 (33.3%) | 23 (52.3%) | 21 (47.7%) | 0.005 | 8(18.6%) | 35 (81.4%) | 0.395 |
| No | 88 (66.7%) | 24 (27.3%) | 64 (72.7%) | 11 (12.9%) | 74(87.1%) | ||
| Social Support | 21.4 ± 6.6 | 21.2 ± 7.0 | 21.4 ± 6.4 | 0.876 | 18.1 ± 6.9 | 22.0 ± 6.3 | 0.013 |
Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation. ADL score ranges: 0–7; Social Support: 9–27