Table 2.
The clinical outcomes of the EPIs (%[diagnosed No./assessed No.]).
| Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (No. = 240) | Female (No. = 199) | P value | Male (No. = 148) | Female (No. = 148) | P value | |
| Major morbidity | ||||||
| RDS | 96.7 (232/240) | 92.5 (184/199) | 0.049 | 97.3 (144/148) | 91.2 (135/148) | 0.046 a |
| BPD | 94.8 (128/135) | 83.5 (81/97) | <0.01 | 97.4 (76/78) | 83.1 (59/71) | <0.01 a |
| Moderate to severe BPD | 39.3 (53/135) | 28.9 (28/97) | 0.101 | 48.7 (38/78) | 25.4 (18/71) | <0.01 |
| IVH | 61.5 (115/187) | 48.5 (63/130) | 0.021 | 61.4 (70/114) | 49.5 (48/97) | 0.082 |
| Severe IVH | 26.2 (49/187) | 18.5 (24/130) | 0.107 | 23.7 (27/114) | 19.6 (19/97) | 0.473 |
| PVL | 11.8 (22/187) | 5.4 (7/130) | 0.053 | 8.8 (10/114) | 5.2 (5/97) | 0.308 |
| NEC | 11.3 (22/194) | 7.6 (11/144) | 0.257 | 11.5 (15/130) | 4.8 (6/124) | 0.053 |
| ROP | 82.2 (111/135) | 80.6 (79/98) | 0.754 | 81.8 (63/77) | 78.3 (54/69) | 0.591 |
| HAI | 44.1 (86/195) | 48.0 (71/148) | 0.476 | 39.8 (47/118) | 49.5 (53/107) | 0.144 |
| Treated PDA | 30.3 (66/218) | 26.4 (43/163) | 0.405 | 26.9 (35/130) | 27.4 (34/124) | 0.929 |
| Survival at discharge | 55.4 (133/240) | 46.7 (93/199) | 0.070 | 52.0 (77/148) | 44.6 (66/148) | 0.201 |
| Death | ||||||
| Active treatment | 11.3 (27/240) | 10.6 (21/199) | 0.816 | 7.4 (11/148) | 12.2 (18/148) | 0.171 |
| WWLST | 33.3 (80/240) | 42.7 (85/199) | 0.043 | 40.5 (60/148) | 43.2 (64/148) | 0.637 |
a
Continuity correction Chi-square tests;EPIs, extremely preterm infants; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; HAI, hospital acquired infection; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; WWLST, withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.