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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021 Jul 14;218(4):582–596. doi: 10.2214/AJR.21.26159

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) ferumoxytol contrast enhancement may define glioblastoma neuroinflammatory pseudoprogression. Marked prominence of activated macrophage and microglia as cellular constituent of neuroinflammatory-mediated pseudoprogression has been impetus for investigating use of USPIO as biologically specific MRI metric. T1-weighted MR images show disproportionate enhancement (right) between USPIO ferumoxytol enhancement (middle) and gadolinium enhancement (left) in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma at time of presumed progression. Gadolinium-based contrast agent to ferumoxytol mismatch technique has shown preliminary promise in defining otherwise therapeutically induced neuroinflammation. Correlative histologic analysis with image-guided tissue sampling showed increased tumor-associated macrophage accumulation within regions of ferumoxytol enhancement.