Table 2:

Use of strategies designed to prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) in studies with economic evaluations

Components of QI Intervention	Pickard 201238	Rupp 200436	Lai 200239	Karchmer 200043	Saint 200042	Cartwright 201841	Pashnik 201744	Anderson 201133	†van den Broek 201135	Saint 200537	Quinn 201540	Clarke 201334	Palmer 201947	Mitchell 201948,57
Changes to Hospital CAUTI-Related Policies and Practices
SHEA/IDSA* Recommended Strategies for CAUTI prevention
Written criteria for catheter indications									I		I
Supplies for aseptic insertion readily available						I
Documentation of catheter indications and care							I		I		I	I
CAUTI surveillance using standardized criteria								I	I		I
Unit-specific feedback							I				I
Meatal cleaning with antiseptic prior to insertion														I
SHEA/IDSA Recommended Special Approaches for preventing CAUTI in locations with unacceptably high CAUTI rates
Use of bladder scanners						I	I		I
Automated reminders of persistent catheterization									I	I	I	I
Report catheter use and adverse events							I				I
Periodic review of catheter necessity							I		I		I
SHEA/IDSA Recommended Implementation Strategies: Engagement, Education, and Execution
CAUTI-specific nursing-focused education						I	I	I	I		I	I	I
CAUTI-specific physician-focused education											I
Automated catheter stop orders									I
Engagement of hospital leadership							I	I		I	I
Multi-disciplinary CAUTI prevention team							I		I		I	I
“Bladder bundle”‡							I	I
Electronic alerts to confirm catheter necessity											I	I
Audits on compliance							I					I
Other Approaches
CAUTI “toolkit”§								I
Bard Tray													I
Physician Champions							I	I			I
Root cause analysis of CAUTI events in real time											I		I
Routine site visits								I
Patient education							I
Specially trained Advanced Practice nurses									I
Antimicrobial Catheters
Approaches NOT recommended by SHEA/IDSA as routine part of CAUTI prevention
Silver alloy-impregnated catheters	I	I	I	I	I						I	I
Nitrofurazone-impregnated catheters	I

^*The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/The Infectious Diseases Society of America

^†Ten hospitals implemented their own interventions; one or more hospitals implemented the intervention marked in the column.

^‡Definition from Pashnick and Anderson 2011.

^§Definition from Anderson 2011.