Table 3.
Descriptive statistics for all language variables, arranged by group.
| Variable | N | M | SD | SE | 95% confidence interval for mean |
Minimum | Maximum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||||||
| Total MC | Healthy | 19 | 60.89 | 23.06 | 5.29 | 49.78 | 72.01 | 17 | 92 |
| OI | 15 | 55.40 | 16.26 | 4.19 | 46.40 | 64.40 | 28 | 81 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 54.89 | 19.22 | 4.41 | 45.63 | 64.16 | 23 | 82 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | 31.41 | 15.55 | 3.77 | 23.42 | 39.41 | 11 | 59 | |
| Total | 70 | 50.93 | 21.79 | 2.60 | 45.73 | 56.12 | 11 | 92 | |
| Words/min | Healthy | 19 | 74.30 | 12.47 | 2.86 | 68.29 | 80.32 | 42.00 | 90.41 |
| OI | 15 | 143.81 | 34.48 | 8.90 | 124.71 | 162.90 | 92.37 | 221.70 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 138.37 | 31.71 | 7.27 | 123.09 | 153.65 | 85.98 | 195.81 | |
| Mod–sev | 16 | 64.32 | 37.50 | 9.38 | 44.34 | 84.30 | 24.34 | 150.33 | |
| Total | 69 | 104.74 | 46.46 | 5.59 | 93.58 | 115.90 | 24.34 | 221.70 | |
| Total words | Healthy | 19 | 142.95 | 60.50 | 13.88 | 113.79 | 172.11 | 60.00 | 274.00 |
| OI | 15 | 391.93 | 275.53 | 71.14 | 239.35 | 544.52 | 110.00 | 1292.00 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 358.68 | 209.95 | 48.17 | 257.49 | 459.88 | 90.00 | 698.00 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | 283.94 | 215.06 | 52.16 | 173.37 | 394.52 | 59.00 | 786.00 | |
| Total | 70 | 289.10 | 219.32 | 26.21 | 236.80 | 341.40 | 59.00 | 1292.00 | |
| Density | Healthy | 19 | .50 | .03 | .01 | .49 | .51 | .45 | .54 |
| OI | 15 | .50 | .02 | .01 | .49 | .52 | .46 | .54 | |
| mTBI | 19 | .51 | .03 | .01 | .50 | .53 | .46 | .55 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | .50 | .03 | .01 | .48 | .51 | .41 | .55 | |
| Total | 70 | .50 | .03 | .00 | .50 | .52 | .41 | .55 | |
| Total Utts | Healthy | 19 | 39.95 | 24.36 | 5.59 | 28.20 | 51.69 | 11.0 | 95.0 |
| OI | 15 | 38.27 | 32.56 | 8.41 | 20.23 | 56.30 | 12.0 | 147.0 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 36.11 | 20.42 | 4.68 | 26.26 | 45.95 | 8.0 | 75.0 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | 25.59 | 13.65 | 3.31 | 18.57 | 32.61 | 9.0 | 59.0 | |
| Total | 70 | 35.06 | 23.52 | 2.81 | 29.45 | 40.67 | 8.0 | 147.0 | |
| Retracing | Healthy | 19 | 6.00 | 6.17 | 1.42 | 3.03 | 8.98 | .00 | 23.00 |
| OI | 15 | 3.80 | 2.68 | .69 | 2.32 | 5.28 | .00 | 9.00 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 4.53 | 4.07 | .94 | 2.56 | 6.49 | .00 | 15.00 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | 3.24 | 2.14 | .52 | 2.14 | 4.33 | .00 | 7.00 | |
| Total | 70 | 4.46 | 4.23 | .52 | 3.45 | 5.47 | .00 | 23.00 | |
| Duration/s | Healthy | 19 | 340.00 | 211.54 | 48.53 | 238.04 | 441.96 | 79 | 890 |
| OI | 15 | 163.40 | 94.93 | 24.51 | 110.83 | 215.97 | 55 | 444 | |
| mTBI | 19 | 153.63 | 81.19 | 18.63 | 114.50 | 192.76 | 48 | 328 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | 221.53 | 109.31 | 26.51 | 165.33 | 277.73 | 0 | 474 | |
| Total | 70 | 222.80 | 154.47 | 18.47 | 185.97 | 259.63 | 0 | 890 | |
| Disfluency index | Healthy | 19 | .19 | .09 | .02 | .15 | .24 | .06 | .36 |
| OI | 15 | .08 | .04 | .01 | .06 | .10 | .03 | .14 | |
| mTBI | 19 | .09 | .04 | .01 | .07 | .11 | .02 | .18 | |
| Mod–sev | 17 | .15 | .18 | .05 | .06 | .24 | .00 | .77 | |
| Total | 70 | .13 | .11 | .01 | .10 | .16 | .00 | .77 | |
Note. MC = main concept; OI = orthopedic injury; mTBI = mild traumatic brain injury; Mod–sev = moderate to severe traumatic brain injury; Utts = utterances; s = seconds.