Table 1. Patient characteristics: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the 749 participants.
| Patient characteristics | Overall |
|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 749 |
| Region (%) | |
| Central | 251 (33.5) |
| South | 118 (15.8) |
| North | 144 (19.2) |
| North-east | 236 (31.5) |
| Rural (%) | 423 (56.5) |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 53.6 (21.6) |
| Female (%) | 434 (57.9) |
| BMI Class (%) | |
| Underweight | 17 (2.3) |
| Normal | 301 (41.0) |
| Overweight | 266 (36.2) |
| Obese | 151 (20.5) |
| Waist Circumference in cm (mean (SD)) | 89.8 (12.3) |
| Years Since T2D Diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 2.9 (1.9) |
| Marital Status (%) | |
| Single | 66 (9.0) |
| Married | 593 (80.8) |
| Widowed, Separated or Divorced | 75 (10.2) |
| Education (%) | |
| No formal education | 31 (4.1) |
| Primary | 389 (51.9) |
| Secondary | 252 (33.6) |
| Bachelor’s | 67 (8.9) |
| Masters and above | 10 (1.3) |
| Religion (%) | |
| Buddhist | 703 (96.8) |
| Muslim | 19 (2.6) |
| Other | 4 (0.6) |
| Monthly Income in Thai Baht (%) | |
| <5,000 (160USD) | 173 (23.1) |
| 5,000–9,999 (160–320 USD) | 236 (31.5) |
| 10,000–14,999 (320–480) | 161 (21.5) |
| 15,000–19,999 (480–640 USD) | 79 (10.5) |
| 20,000–24,999 (640–760 USD) | 41 (5.5) |
| >25,000 (>760 USD) | 59 (7.9) |
| Family History of Diabetes (%) | 341 (45.5) |
| Any Comorbidity (%) | 541 (72.3) |
| Hypertension (%) | 368 (49.1) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 262 (35.0) |
| Heart Disease (%) | 26 (3.5) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (%) | 9 (1.2) |
| Other Comorbidity (%) | 42 (5.6) |
| Diabetes Treatment (%) | |
| None | 25 (3.3) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) | 660 (88.1) |
| Insulin | 17 (2.3) |
| OHA + Insulin | 47 (6.3) |
| Smoking (%) | |
| Never | 614 (82.0) |
| Previous | 80 (10.7) |
| Current | 55 (7.3) |
| Alcohol Use (%) | |
| Never | 564 (75.3) |
| Previous | 97 (13.0) |
| Current | 88 (11.7) |
| Previous Eye Check (patient reported) (%) | 610 (81.8) |
| Frequency of Eye Check (patient reported) (%) | |
| <once per year | 29 (4.7) |
| Once per year | 557 (89.8) |
| > once per year | 34 (5.5) |
| HbA1c <7% (%) | 248 (39.6) |
| SBP < 140 mmHg & DBP < 80 mmHg B (%) | 229 (31.1) |
| LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dL (%) | 296 (41.1) |
Notes.
Data are summarized by n (%) for categorical variables, and mean (SD) for continuous variables.