TABLE 3.
Multivariable Analysis for Noninvasive Testing
| Noninvasive Testing |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 61,838) |
Yes (n = 5,323) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
p Value | |
| Age group | ||||
| 18–70 yrs | 22,700 (36.71) | 2,538 (47.68) | Reference group | |
| 71–85 yrs | 25,098 (40.59) | 2,224 (41.78) | 0.85 (0.793–0.901) | <0.0001 |
| >85 yrs | 14,040 (22.70) | 561 (10.54) | 0.36 (0.327–0.399) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 29,580 (47.83) | 2,379 (44.69) | Reference group | |
| Male | 32,258 (52.17) | 2,944 (55.31) | 1.05 (0.986–1.111) | 0.13 |
| Index year | ||||
| 2011 | 22,501 (36.39) | 1,911 (35.90) | Reference group | |
| 2012 | 21,578 (34.89) | 1,907 (35.83) | 1.04 (0.973–1.112) | 0.25 |
| 2013 | 17,759 (28.72) | 1,505 (28.27) | 0.99 (0.925–1.068) | 0.87 |
| Heart failure type | ||||
| Preserved ejection fraction | 19,514 (31.56) | 1,649 (30.98) | Reference group | |
| Reduced ejection fraction | 21,118 (34.15) | 2,016 (37.87) | 1.38 (1.282–1.491) | <0.0001 |
| Mixed/unspecified | 21,206 (34.29) | 1,658 (31.15) | 1.31 (1.208–1.422) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular characteristics | ||||
| CAD | 33,200 (53.69) | 2,851 (53.56) | 1.25 (1.172–1.329) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 51,484 (83.26) | 4,428 (83.19) | 1.11 (1.024–1.202) | 0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 28,866 (46.68) | 2,546 (47.83) | 1.09 (1.026–1.160) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes | 28,608 (46.26) | 2,660 (49.97) | 1.06 (0.994–1.120) | 0.08 |
| Smoking | 6,690 (10.82) | 642 (12.06) | 1.05 (0.956–1.146) | 0.3200 |
| Prior stroke | 6,532 (10.56) | 420 (7.89) | 0.82 (0.741–0.914) | <0.0001 |
| PAD | 14,159 (22.90) | 1,042 (19.58) | 0.95 (0.879–1.019) | 0.15 |
| Major arrhythmia | 7,769 (12.56) | 591 (11.10) | 0.86 (0.781–0.939) | 0.001 |
| Nonmajor arrhythmia | 37,377 (60.44) | 2,705 (50.82) | 0.79 (0.742–0.835) | <0.0001 |
| Prior noninvasive ischemic work-up | 11,248 (18.19) | 594 (11.16) | 0.56 (0.509–0.610) | <0.0001 |
| Prior invasive ischemic work-up | 7,529 (12.18) | 356 (6.69) | 0.49 (0.437–0.550) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Renal disease | 30,754 (49.73) | 2,457 (46.16) | 0.88 (0.826–0.930) | <0.0001 |
| CABG | 26,509 (42.87) | 1,955 (36.73) | 0.77 (0.728–0.821) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy | 11,593 (18.75) | 894 (16.80) | 0.96 (0.891–1.038) | 0.31 |
| Dementia | 3,586 (5.80) | 151 (2.84) | 0.62 (0.521–0.731) | <0.0001 |