Table 1.

Overview of included studies

Author, publication year	Themes	Country	Number	Study type	Population
Deusenberry et al, 201221	Age	USA	692	Case-control	T2DM
Glynn et al, 199922	Age	USA	161,700	Case-control	T1DM and T2DM
Ha et al, 201223	Age	South Korea	320	Case series	T1DM and T2DM
Lipska et al, 201524	Age	USA	1,288	Cross-sectional	T1DM and T2DM
Monami et al, 201325	Age	Italy	854	Case-control	T2DM
Shorr et al, 199716	Age	USA	19,932	Cohort study	T2DM
Strain et al, 201717	Age	Europe	278	RCT	T2DM
Zhong et al, 201719	Age	UK	264,687	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
The ACCORD Study Group, 200811	Age, comorbidity, complications, frailty	USA, Canada	10,251	RCT	T2DM
The ADVANCE Collaborative Group, 200812	Age, comorbidity, complications, duration, frailty	Asia, Australia, Europe, North America	11,140	RCT	T2DM
Duckworth et al, 20096	Age, comorbidity, complications, frailty	USA	1,791	RCT	T2DM
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, 199814	Age, complications	UK	3,867	RCT	T2DM
Lipska et al, 201343	Age, duration, hypoglycaemia	USA	9,094	Cross-sectional	T2DM
Yi et al, 201818	Age, hypoglycaemia	China	23,680	Cohort study	T2DM
Ben-Ami et al, 199920	Age, hypoglycaemia	Israel	102	Case series	T1DM and T2DM
O'Connor et al, 200315	Age, psychosocioeconomic	USA	1,109	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
Blaum et al, 200329	Comorbidity, frailty	USA	7,447	Cross-sectional	T1DM and T2DM
Adler et al, 19995	Complications	UK	5,063	RCT	T2DM
Holman et al, 20087	Complications	UK	3,277	Cohort study	T2DM
Mellbin et al, 20138	Complications	Many	12,537	RCT	T2DM
Mukamal et al, 20019	Complications	USA	1,935	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
Nathan, 201410	Complications	USA	1,441	Cohort study	T1DM
The ORIGIN Trial Investigators, 201213	Complications	Many	12,537	RCT	T2DM
McCoy et al, 201244	Duration, hypoglycaemia	USA	1,020	Case-control	T1DM and T2DM
Kalyani et al, 201031	Frailty	USA	6,097	Cross-sectional	T1DM and T2DM
Bruce et al, 201832	Frailty	Australia	367	Cohort study	T2DM
Currie et al, 201033	Frailty	UK	27,965	Cohort study	T2DM
de Galan et al, 200934	Frailty	Asia, Australia, Europe, North America	11,140	RCT	T2DM
Huang et al, 201135	Frailty	USA	71,092	Cohort study	T2DM
Liccini et al, 201636	Frailty	USA	198	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
Twito et al, 201326	Frailty	Israel	2,994	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
Van Hateren et al, 201127	Frailty	Holland	374	Cohort study	T2DM
Yanagita et al, 201828	Frailty	Japan	132	Cohort study	T2DM
Punthakee et al, 201230	Frailty	USA, Canada	2,956	Cohort study	T2DM
Bonds et al, 201038	Hypoglycaemia	USA, Canada	10,194	Cohort study	T2DM
Chen et al, 201739	Hypoglycaemia	China	90	RCT	T2DM
Hsu et al, 201340	Hypoglycaemia	Taiwan	9,220	Cohort study	T2DM
Huang et al, 201441	Hypoglycaemia	USA	72,310	Cohort study	T2DM
Kong et al, 201442	Hypoglycaemia	Hong Kong	8767	Cohort study	T2DM
Whitmer et al, 200945	Hypoglycaemia	USA	16,667	Cohort study	T2DM
Zoungas et al, 201037	Hypoglycaemia	Asia, Australia, Europe, North America	11,140	Cohort study	T2DM
Brown et al, 200846	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	332	Cross-sectional	T2DM
Chin et al, 200847	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	537	Cross-sectional	T1DM and T2DM
Ciechanowski et al, 200048	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	367	Cross-sectional	T1DM and T2DM
Egede et al, 200549	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	10,025	Cohort study	T1DM and T2DM
Finkelstein et al, 200350	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	242,067	Case-control	T1DM and T2DM
Huang et al, 200551	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	28	Qualitative	T2DM
Huang et al, 200652	Psychosocioeconomic	USA	519	Cross-sectional	T2DM

RCT = randomised controlled trial; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.