TABLE 5.
Bioactive compounds enhancement in host plants by endophytes.
| Host plant | Endophytes | Bioactive compound | Applications | References |
| Papaver somniferum | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Morphine, Thebaine, Codeine, and Oripavine | Used as analgesics, antitussives and anti- spasmodic | Liscombe and Facchini, 2008; Bonilla et al., 2014 |
| Aristolochia elegans | Piriformospora indica | Aristolochic acid | Antimicrobial properties | Bagde et al., 2014 |
| Curcuma longa | Azotobacter chroococcum CL13 | Curcumin | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimalarial activities | Kumar et al., 2016 |
| Putterlickia verrucosa; Putterlickia retrospinosa | Hamigera avellanea | Maytansine | Cancer chemotherapy | Kusari et al., 2014 |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Paecilomyces sp. | Salvianolic acid | Antioxidative activities | Tang et al., 2014 |
| Chamomilla recutita L. Rauschert | Bacillus subtilis Co1-6, Paenibacillus polymyxa Mc5Re-14 | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | Anti-inflammatory capacity | Schmidt et al., 2014 |
| Panax ginseng | Paenibacillus polymyxa. | Ginsenosides | Anticancerous properties | Gao et al., 2015 |
| Artemisia annua L. | Piriformospora indica DSM 11827, Azotobacter chroococcum W-5 | Artemisinin | Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) to control malaria | Arora et al., 2016 |
| Aloe vera | Piriformospora indica | Aloin | Numerous therapeutic applications | Sharma et al., 2014 |
| Stevia rebaudiana | Piriformospora indica | Enhanced production of Steviol glycosides | High potency sweeteners | Kilam et al., 2017 |
| Crocus sativus L. | Mortierella alpine CS10E4 | Crocin, Picrocrocin, and Safranal | Anti-tumor activities | Wani et al., 2017 |
| Kadsura angustifolia | Umbelopsis dimorpha SWUKD3.1410 | Schitriterpenoids/schinortriterpenoids. | Antihepatitis, antitumor and anti-HIV activities | Qin et al., 2018 |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Chaetomium globosum D38 | Phenylpropionic acids and tanshinones | Flavoring agents used in spices (Phenylpropionic acids); Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions (Tanshinones) | Zhai et al., 2018 |
| Coleus forskohlii | Phialemoniopsis cornearis SF1, Macrophomina pseudophaseolina SF2, Fusarium redolens RF1 | Davanone, Ethyl cinnamate | Perfumery products, flavoring agents | Mastan et al., 2019 |