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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022 May 4;31(5):1017–1025. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1116

Table 2b.

Characteristics of the breast cancer (BC) screening sample overall and stratified by food insecurity status.

Characteristics Total BC Sample Food insecure Food secure
Frequency Weighted % Frequency Weighted % p-value Frequency Weighted % p-value

GENDER
  Male 0 N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
  Female 2449 100.0% 522 21.6% 1908 78.4%
  missing 0 0 0
AGE
  50–59 1027 49.5% 268 59.7% 0.0031 751 47.0% 0.0031
  60–69 1065 39.5% 197 30.7% 859 41.6%
  70+ 357 10.9% 57 9.6% 298 11.4%
  missing 0 0 0
RACE/ETHNICITY
  Non-Hispanic White 1777 69.9% 302 56.5% <.0001 1467 74.0% <.0001
  Non-Hispanic Black 373 18.5% 137 27.4% 231 15.9%
  Hispanic 67 3.9% 24 8.3% 43 2.8%
  Other 203 7.6% 55 7.8% 146 7.3%
  missing 29 4 21
RURALITY
  Rural 627 12.8% 145 18.5% 0.0045 478 11.3% 0.0045
  Urban 1800 87.2% 369 81.5% 1416 88.8%
  missing 22 8 14
MARITAL STATUS
  Married/Living as Married 1357 53.2% 179 36.2% <.0001 1170 57.9% <.0001
  Not Married 1073 46.8% 339 63.8% 728 42.1%
  missing 19 4 10
EMPLOYMENT
  Employed 953 45.9% 161 35.1% <.0001 786 49.0% <.0001
  Unemployed 512 22.3% 222 40.5% 288 17.0%
  Retired 781 31.7% 112 24.4% 663 33.9%
  missing 203 27 171
HIGHEST LEVEL of EDUCATION
  Less than baccalaureate college degree 1314 45.5% 400 80.2% <.0001 908 47.5% <.0001
  Baccalaureate college or graduate degree 1114 54.5% 116 19.8% 990 52.5%
  missing 21 6 10
INCOME
  Less than $20,000 459 21.9% 255 47.9% <.0001 202 14.6% <.0001
  $20,000 - $49,999 578 23.8% 164 33.1% 413 21.4%
  $50,000 - $99,999 723 31.1% 70 14.0% 651 35.9%
  $100,000+ 523 23.2% 16 5.1% 503 28.1%
  missing 166 17 139
FINANCIAL SECURITY
  Yes 1829 79.6% 206 41.2% <.0001 1623 90.3% <.0001
  No 468 20.4% 294 58.8% 174 9.7%
  missing 152 22 111
HEALTH INSURANCE
  Yes 2297 95.0% 473 91.3% 0.0335 1824 96.0% 0.0335
  No 120 5.0% 45 8.7% 75 4.0%
  missing 32 4 9
HOUSING INSTABILITY
  Housing instability 82 6.7% 51 18.1% <.0001 30 3.3% <.0001
  Housing stability 1529 93.3% 299 81.9% 1222 96.7%
  missing 838 172 656
HISTORY OF CANCER
  Previously diagnosed with cancer 390 13.5% 80 13.1% 0.7681 307 13.8% 0.7681
  No cancer diagnosis 2035 86.5% 438 86.9% 1581 86.2%
  missing 24 4 20
FOOD INSECURITY
  Food insecure 522 21.6%
  Food secure 1908 78.4%
  missing 19

Rao-Scott Chi-Square Test was performed.