Fig. 4.

Exercise intervention effects on patient-reported outcomes. MFI Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, EORTC European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale. ^†The treatment effect is the regression coefficient of a linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline scores, age, and endocrine therapy. Questionnaires for which a higher score indicated worse functioning/more symptoms were inverted (MFI subscales, EORTC Fatigue, EORTC Pain, EORTC Insomnia, PHQ-9, and HADS Depression and Anxiety). Therefore, a positive score indicates a beneficial effect of the intervention. ^‡Effect Sizes (ES) were calculated by dividing Beta by the pooled SD at baseline, with positive ESs meaning a beneficial effect of the intervention on a specific outcome. ESs < 0.2 indicate “no difference,” ESs between 0.2 and 0.5 indicate “small differences,” ESs between 0.5 and 0.8 indicate “medium differences,” and ESs ≥ 0.8 indicate “large differences” [50]. An ES of 0.5 or higher was considered clinically relevant [51]