Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics across the entire sample (n = 349), as well as between the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) household income quartiles
sd=standard deviation
| Variable | Entire Sample (n = 349) | Q1 (n = 88) | Q4 (n = 86) | Standardized Difference |
| Age, years, mean (sd) | 58.9 (14.2) | 57.0 (15.4) | 60.9 (13.5) | 0.27 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.11 | |||
| Male | 129 (36.96) | 32 (36.36) | 36 (41.86) | |
| Female | 220 (63.04) | 56 (63.64) | 50 (58.14) | |
| Race, n (%) | 1.26 | |||
| Asian | 8 (2.29) | 2 (2.27) | 2 (2.33) | |
| Black/African American | 63 (18.05) | 38 (43.18) | 3 (3.49) | |
| White | 250 (71.63) | 38 (43.18) | 77 (89.53) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 10 (2.87) | 5 (5.68) | 2 (2.33) | |
| Other | 18 (5.16) | 5 (5.68) | 2 (2.33) | |
| Tobacco Use within Past 12 Months, n (%) | 0.29 | |||
| Yes | 44 (12.61) | 14 (15.91) | 7 (8.14) | |
| No | 292 (83.67) | 71 (80.68) | 78 (90.70) | |
| Unknown | 13 (3.72) | 3 (3.41) | 1 (1.16) | |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2, mean (sd) | 28.9 (6.3) | 30.0 (6.8) | 27.5 (5.5) | -0.40 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade, n (%) | 0.60 | |||
| 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 2 | 131 (37.54) | 19 (21.59) | 42 (48.84) | |
| 3 | 209 (59.89) | 66 (75.00) | 42 (48.84) | |
| 4 | 7 (2.01) | 3 (3.41) | 2 (2.33) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, mean (sd) | 2.78 (2.33) | 2.88 (2.52) | 2.74 (2.08) | -0.06 |
| Surgeries within 90 Days Prior to Index Operation, n (%) | -0.07 | |||
| 0 | 331 (94.84) | 85 (96.59) | 84 (97.67) | |
| 1 | 17 (4.87) | 3 (3.41) | 2 (2.33) | |
| 2+ | 1 (0.29) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Lifetimes Surgeries Prior to Index Operation, n (%) | 0.29 | |||
| 0 | 326 (93.41) | 79 (89.77) | 82 (95.35) | |
| 1 | 13 (3.71) | 5 (5.68) | 3 (3.49) | |
| 2+ | 8 (2.29) | 4 (4.56) | 1 (1.16) | |
| Length of Stay, hours, mean (sd) | 125.1 (133.8) | 150.2 (158.4) | 126.9 (149.1) | -0.15 |
| Total Cost, $, mean (sd) | 3054.37 (1528.88) | 3272.76 (1609.66) | 2940.17 (1373.36) | -0.22 |
| Duration of Surgery, minutes, mean (sd) | 217.1 (117.5) | 241.1 (131.1) | 214.8 (124.3) | -0.21 |