Fig. 4. Adipose tissue T cells are retained and express markers of exhaustion in mice that have gained, lost, and regained weight.

a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) of T cell subclusters by diet group for lean, obese, weight loss (WL), and weight cycled (WC) mice. Populations include T helper (Th) cells, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and effector memory (EM) and central memory (CM) CD8+ T cells. b Expression of markers enriched in T cell subclusters. c Counts per hundred cells sequenced for α/β T cell subclusters (mean ± SEM; n = 4 mice). Box indicates interquartile range (25th–75th percentile) with 50th percentile indicated by solid line and mean indicated by large circle. Range of whiskers indicates largest and smallest values within 1.5 times the interquartile range and values outside of the range are indicated by small circles. d Expression of the T_reg markers Foxp3 and Il1rl1 within the T_reg subcluster across diet groups. e Embedding of RNA velocity displayed on the UMAP for CD8⁺ T cells. f CD8⁺ T cells colored by an exhaustion module containing the mRNA features Pdcd1, Tox, Tigit, Lag3, and Entpd1. g CD8⁺ T cells colored by an exhaustion module containing the CITE-seq features PD-1 (CD279) and TIGIT. h CD8⁺ T cells plotted onto a viral infection CD8⁺ T cell reference atlas using ProjecTILs. ProjectTILs populations CD8+ include terminally-exhausted (Tex), CD8+ precursor-exhausted (Tpex), short-lived effector cells (SLEC), effector interim (Eff Interm), and memory precursors (Memory Prec). For diet groups, gray = lean, blue = obese, green = WL, orange = WC. Each T cell subset indicated with a different shade of red. Pairwise two-tailed t-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare groups for cell counts; significant p values shown.