Fig. 5. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) are abundant in adipose tissue and DCs shift towards a mature, activated status in mice that have gained, lost, and regained weight.

a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) of highlighted monocyte and DC subclusters by diet group for lean, obese, weight loss (WL), and weight cycled (WC) mice. Populations include conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). b Expression of genes associated with monocyte subclusters. c Monocyte counts per 100 cells sequenced by diet group (mean ± SEM; n = 4 mice; n.s.d.). d Lipid-handling, activation, adhesion, and co-stimulation genes by diet group for classical monocytes. e Expression of genes enriched in DC subsets. f DC counts per 100 cells sequenced by diet group (mean ± SEM; n = 4 mice). g Expression of genes associated with DC activation. h Embedding of RNA velocity displayed on the UMAP for conventional DC subsets. i Expression of immunoregulatory ligands Cd274, Pdcd1lg2, and Cd200 in DCs by diet group. For diet groups, gray = lean, blue = obese, green = WL, orange = WC. Each monocyte subset indicated with a different shade of pink and each DC subset with different shade of green. Pairwise two-tailed T-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare groups against the Lean reference group for cell counts with significant p values shown. For panels c and f, box indicates interquartile range (25th–75th percentile) with 50th percentile indicated by solid line and mean indicated by large circle. Range of whiskers indicates largest and smallest values within 1.5 times the interquartile range and values outside of the range are indicated by small circles.