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. 2022 May 13;13:894002. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894002

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Ding, Peng, Yu, Pan, Cai, Dong, Zhong, Zhu, Yu and Zeng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of IL-38 in regulating the macrophage function. (A) IL-38 regulates the phenotypic transformation of macrophages. (B) IL-38 inhibits NLRP3 activation. (C) IL-38 binds IL-1RAPL1 to regulate the macrophage function. IL-38, interleukin-38; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3; IL1RAPL1, interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (–); inhibition.