TABLE 2.
Major effects and targets of Cordyceps Sinensis in Diabetic Kidney Disease.
| Effects | Materials | Subjects | Targets | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-hyperglycemia effects | CS-F10 | STZ-induced and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice | GLUT2 | Kiho et al. (1999) |
| β-sitosterol | high-fat diet and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic rats | SOD, GST, CAT, GR, GSH, GPX, IRβ, GLUT4 | Ponnulakshmi et al. (2019) | |
| Anti-inflammatory effect | EPS | LPS-induced THP-1 cells, LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, LPS-induced mice | NO, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, iNOS | Li et al. (2020) |
| CPS-F | PDGF-BB induced HMCs | ROS, TNF-α, TNF-R1, MCP-1, NOX1, PDGFRβ | Wang et al. (2015) | |
| C. sinensis | STZ-induced DKD rats, high-glucose exposed podocytes | P2X7R, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, nephrin, podocin, WT-1, desmin | Wang et al. (2018) | |
| Cordycepin | Albumin-induced EMT in HK-2 cells | E-cadherin, α-SMA, ROS, NOX4, p22phox, p47phox, Rac1-GTP | Xiao et al. (2012) | |
| Immunomodulatory effect | Intracellular polysaccharides | LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells | TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β1, iNOS, NO, ERK, JNK, p38, AKT | Liu et al. (2021) |
| Cordycepin, adenosine | LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, CX3CL1, IL-1ra, IL-10, TGF-β | Shin et al. (2009b) | |
| C. sinensis | Non-obese diabetic mice | CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T reg cells, Th17 cells | Shi et al. (2009) | |
| Cordycepin | LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells | NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, 11β-HSD1, PPARγ, ICAM-1, B7-1/-1 | Shin et al. (2009a) | |
| Anti-oxidant effect | CPS-F | PDGF-BB induced HMCs | ROS, TNF-α, TNFR1, MCP-1, NOX1, PDGFRβ | Wang et al. (2015) |
| C. sinensis from India | LPS-induced THP1 cells | TNF-α, IL-1β, NO | Rathor et al. (2014) | |
| Cordycepin | Albumin-induced EMT in HK-2 cells | E-cadherin, α-SMA, ROS, NOX4, P22phox, P47phox, Rac1-GTP | Xiao et al. (2012) | |
| Anti-fibrotic effect | nucleoside/nucleobase-rich extract | STZ-induced diabetic mice, high-glucose exposed HK-2 cells | E-cadherin, α-SMA, FN, Col Ⅰ, p38, ERK, JNK | Dong et al. (2019) |
| C. sinensis | UUO rats | α-SMA, BAG3 | Du et al. (2015) | |
| C. sinensis | 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy rats | TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, α-SMA, FSP1, Smad7 | Pan et al. (2013) | |
| Cordycepin | TGF-β1or BMP-4 induced NRK-52E cells/MCs, UUO mice | TGF-β, BMP-4, Col Ⅰ, ColⅣ, Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, eIF2α, CAGA, BRE | Gu et al. (2013) | |
| Cordycepin | TGF-β1 induced NRK-49F cells | α-SMA, FN, HGF, c-MET, TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3 | Li et al. (2011) | |
| CPS-2 | PDGF-BB induced HMCs | α-SMA, PDGFRβ, TGF-β1, Smad3, ERK, TGFβR1 | Wang et al. (2014) | |
| Regulation of apoptosis | C. sinensis | Ang Ⅱ induced NRK-52E cells | Kl, p53, p21, caspase-3 | Tang et al. (2009) |
| C. sinensis | HBx induced HK-2 cells | Capse-3, capse-9, PI3K, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2 | He et al. (2020) | |
| H1-A | IL-1 and PDGF-BB induced HMCs | Bcl-2, Bcl-XL | Yang et al. (2003) |