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. 2022 May 13;13:817247. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817247

TABLE 1.

Studies of transcriptome expression analyses by using DNA microarray technology.

Organism Experiment Consequences Reference/s
MCF-7 breast cancer cells Influence of genistein on gene expression at global levels at physiologic (1 or 5 mu M) and pharmacologic (25 mu M) concentrations Genistein altered the expression of genes of various pathways, plus estrogen- and p53-mediated pathways. At physiologic concentration (1 or 5 µM), genistein elicited an elevated expression and mitogenic activity, while at the pharmacologic concentration (25 µM), genistein escalated apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and total cell number Lavigne et al. (2008)
Rat model of an alcohol-induced fatty liver Analysis of hepatic gene expression The five genes (β-glucuronidase, UDP-glycosyl transferase 1, UDP glucose dehydrogenase, apoC-III, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor) involved in immune response, signal transduction, transcription, and protein and amino acid metabolism were controlled by chronic ethanol intake Park et al. (2008)
Blood cell RNA of eight healthy men prior and post 2 h diet ingestion Effect of high-carbohydrate (HC) or high-protein (HP) breakfast on the transcriptome of human blood cells Genes (317) for HC breakfast and genes (919) for HP breakfast showed differential expression. HC breakfast ingestion showed differential gene expression of mainly glycogen metabolism and HP breakfast showed differential expression of protein synthesis genes van Erk et al. (2006)
Lymphocytes from 30 post-menopausal women Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on changes in expression of genes Isoflavones had a robust effect on some putative estrogen-responsive genes in equol producers than non-producers due to enlarged cell differentiation, cAMP signaling, G-protein–coupled protein metabolism and steroid hormone receptor activity Niculescu et al. (2007)
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in 47 persons with metabolic syndrome Gene expression after consumption of two carbohydrate modifications (rye–pasta diet with low postprandial insulin response and oat–wheat–potato diet with high postprandial insulin response) The rye–pasta diet downregulated 71 genes related to insulin signaling and apoptosis. The oat–wheat–potato diet upregulated 62 genes connected to cytokine-chemokine-mediated immunity, stress, and interleukin pathway Kallio et al. (2007)
Adipose tissue from 131 moderately overweight men Identification of molecular pathways responsive to caloric restriction and dietary composition Above 1,000 transcripts showed downregulated expression after acute weight loss. The expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) in adipose tissue is autonomously controlled by weight loss and by ingestion of carbohydrates and saturated fat. The expression of SCD and diacylglycerol transferase 2 (DGAT2) may be implicated in the dietary regulation of triacylglycerol metabolism Mangravite et al. (2007)
Rectal mucosa in randomized double-blind crossover trial on 19 healthy volunteers Effect of daily intake of low-digestible and prebiotic isomalt and digestible sucrose on gene expression for 4 weeks of feeding No influence on gene expression in lining rectal mucosa after dietary intervention while gene expression of the rectal mucosa can be measured in biopsy material Schauber et al. (2006)
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