MiR-34c-5p promotes cardiac hypertrophy via modulating autophagy. (A) and (B) Cultured NRCMs were transfected respectively with miR-34c-5p mimic and inhibitor for 24 h. The protein level of P62 and LC3-II were measured by Western blot. Data are shown as mean ± SD, n = 5; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. control group; #P < 0.05 vs. NC mimic or NC inhibitor group. (C) and (D) NRCMs were treated with 3-MA or rapamycin accompanying with ISO treatment for 24 h. The cell surface area was measured (n = 6). The levels of autophagic and hypertrophic markers were detected by Western blot (n = 3). Data are shown as mean ± SD; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. control group; #P < 0.05 vs. ISO group. (E) and (F) NRCMs with miR-34c-5p mimic transfection were submitted to rapamycin treatment for 24 h. The cell surface area (n = 6) and expression of autophagic and hypertrophic markers (n = 5) was determined. Data are shown as mean ± SD; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. NC mimic group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 vs. miR-34c-5p mimic group. (G) and (H) NRCMs were transfected with miR-34c-5p inhibitor, and then incubated with ISO and 3-MA for 24 h. The cell surface area (n = 6) and expression of autophagic and hypertrophic markers (n = 5) was determined. Data are shown as mean ± SD; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. ISO + NC inhibitor group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 vs. ISO + miR-34c-5p inhibitor group.