Table 5. Self-report health factors.
| Volunteers with diagnostic criterion for lipedema | Volunteers without diagnostic criterion for lipedema | All volunteers | Correlation with lipedema diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arterial hypertension | 41.90% (13) | 21.60% (48) | 24.10% (61) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.013), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.271, SE 0.085 | ||||
| Hypothyroidism | 19.40% (6) | 10.36% (23) | 11.50% (29) | Independent (z score, p = 0.141) |
| OR 0.126, SE 0.027 | ||||
| Varicose veins and venous insufficiency | 35.50% (11) | 20.27% (45) | 22.10% (56) | Independent (z score, p = 0.056) |
| OR 0.244, SE 0.082 | ||||
| Depression | 38.70% (12) | 20.70% (46) | 22.90% (58) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.026), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.108, SE 0.026 | ||||
| Anxiety | 61.30% (19) | 41.80% (93) | 44.30% (112) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.042), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.093, SE 0.028 | ||||
| Changed bowel movements | 29.00% (9) | 15.70% (35) | 17.40% (44) | Independent (z score, p = 0.068) |
| OR 0.118, SE 0.027 | ||||
| Knee problems/knee disease | 22.60% (7) | 13.50% (30) | 14.60% (37) | Independent (z score, p = 0.181) |
| OR 0.233, SE 0.098 | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 19.40% (6) | 19.80% (44) | 19.80% (50) | Independent (z score, p = 0.951) |
| OR 0.14, SE 0.03 | ||||
| Lymphedema | 3.20% (1) | 0.45% (1) | 0.80% (2) | Independent (z score, p = 0.102) |
| OR 0.136, SE 0.026 | ||||
| Anemia | 41.90% (13) | 17.50% (39) | 20.60% (52) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.002), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.098, SE 0.0240 | ||||
| Leg pain | 90.30% (28) | 42.70% (95) | 48.60% (123) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.295, SE 0.063 | ||||
| “Water retention” in legs | 64.50% (20) | 19.80% (44) | 25.30% (64) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.455, SE 0.123 | ||||
| Sensitivity to touch | 35.50% (11) | 5.90% (13) | 9.50% (24) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.846, SE 0.347 | ||||
| Swollen legs | 51.60% (16) | 7.60% (17) | 13.00% (33) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.073, SE 0.0200 | ||||
| Frequent bruising of the legs | 54.80% (17) | 16.60% (37) | 21.30% (54) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.459, SD 0.135 | ||||
| Joint hypermobility | 9.70% (3) | 0.45% (1) | 1.60% (4) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.127, SD 0.025 | ||||
| Knee pain | 58.10% (18) | 33.30% (74) | 36.40% (92) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.007), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.088, SD 0.025 | ||||
| Feelings of heaviness in the legs | 51.60% (16) | 22.90% (51) | 26.50% (67) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001, positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.314, SD 0.090 | ||||
| Burning sensations in the legs | 48.40% (15) | 9.90% (22) | 14.60% (37) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.682, SD 0.228 | ||||
| Leg cramps | 35.50% (11) | 25.60% (57) | 26.90% (68) | Independent (z score, p = 0.249) |
| OR 0.121, SD 0.029 | ||||
| Difficulty losing weight or volume from legs | 51.60% (16) | 17.60% (39) | 21.70% (55) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.082, SD 0.022 | ||||
| Difficulty sleeping/poor sleep | 29.00% (9) | 36.90% (82) | 36.00% (91) | Independent (z score, p = 0.390) |
| OR 0.120, SD 0.039 | ||||
| Prior varicose veins surgery | 48.40% (15) | 12.10% (27) | 16.60% (42) | Not independent (z score, p < 0.001), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.556, SD 0.179 | ||||
| Bariatric surgery | 3.20% (1) | 3.10% (7) | 3.20% (8) | Independent (z score, p = 0.983) |
| OR 0.143, SD 0.153 | ||||
| Liposuction | 16.10% (5) | 4.50% (10) | 5.90% (15) | Not independent (z score, p = 0.034), positive correlation (Spearman) |
| OR 0.123, SD 0.025 |
OR: odds ratios; SE: standard error; SD: standard deviation.