Table 3.
Ratio of excess mortality to reported COVID-19 deaths
| Country | Location | Ratio (95% CI) |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires City | 1.07 (1.0 to 1.5) |
| Argentina | Municipality of Hurlingham | 1.07 (1.0 to 1.5) |
| Brazil | Maranhao | 1.41 (1.0 to 2.4) |
| Brazil | Sao Paulo City | 1.02 (1.0 to 1.3) |
| Brazil | Cuiaba, Mato Grosso | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) |
| Brazil | Varzea Grande, Mato Grosso | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) |
| Chile | Coquimbo-La Serena, Greater Santiago, Talca | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) |
| China | Wuhan | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) |
| Colombia | Leticia (Amazonas) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Barranquilla (Atlantico) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Medellin (Antioquia) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Bucaramanga (Santander) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Cucuta (Norte Santander) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Villavicencio (Meta) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Bogota | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Cali (Valle del Cauca) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Ipiales (Narino) | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Colombia | Cordoba: 8 cities | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Ecuador | Cuenca (Azuay) | 1.01 (1.0 to 1.1) |
| Hungary | National Study | 1.04 (1.0 to 1.4) |
| India | Karnataka | 4.89 (2.6 to 8.2) |
| India | Chennai | 4.80 (2.7 to 7.9) |
| Jordan | National Study | 1.57 (1.0 to 3.0) |
| Kenya | Nairobi County | 13.29 (7.1 to 23.1) |
| Paraguay | Asuncion+Central Department | 1.10 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Peru | Lambayeque | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Peru | Lima (Metropolitana)+Callao | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
| Peru | Iquitos, Loreto | 1.09 (1.0 to 1.6) |
Note: This table shows Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates of the ratio of excess mortality to reported COVID-19 deaths (constrained to be 1.0 or greater).22 The 95% CIs, enclosed in parentheses, are also taken directly from IHME, with a one-tailed interval for each location where the estimated undercount ratio is constrained by the lower bound of unity.