Figure 5.

Amphiregulin (AREG) is a marker of asymptomatic L. donovani infection. AREG was measured in plasma from (ASY; n = 27) individuals, endemic controls (EC; n = 25) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL; n = 20) patients (a), as well as from supernatants from whole blood assays stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) or media alone (control), as indicated, from ASY (n = 15), EC (n = 12) and VL (n = 12) (b). IFNγ was measured from the same WBA cell culture supernatants (c). The box shows the extent of the lower and upper quartiles plus the median, while the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum data points (a). Paired samples are shown in b and c; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. Significance was assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test (a) or the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test (b, c).