Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Clinical Characteristics (n=416)a | Values |
|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean±SD | 62.1±14.8 |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| M/F | 242/174 (58/42) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Black | 266 (64) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 119 (29) |
| Others (Hispanic, Asian) | 31 (7) |
| Comorbidity profile | |
| Charlson comorbidity score, mean±SD | 5.2±2.9 |
| Pre-existing CKD, n (%) | 201 (48) |
| Pre-existing diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 188 (45) |
| Pre-existing CAD, n (%) | 147 (35) |
| Pre-existing CHF, n (%) | 165 (40) |
| Active malignancy, n (%) | 29 (7) |
| Active hematologic malignancy, n (%) | 15 (4) |
| Cause of AKI | |
| Acute tubular necrosis, n (%) | 340 (82) |
| Cardiorenal syndrome, n (%) | 48 (12) |
| Other causes (transplant rejection, obstructive uropathy, vascular events, vasculitis, AIN), mean±SD | 28 (7) |
| APACHE II score, mean±SD | 28.9±7.6 |
| SOFA score, mean±SD | 11.8±4.3 |
| Composition of ICU patients, n (%) | |
| Medical ICU | 158 (38) |
| Surgical ICU | 170 (41) |
| Cardiac ICU | 88 (21) |
| Artificial organ support, n (%) | |
| Ventilator dependent | 296 (71) |
| LVAD | 33 (8) |
| IABP | 31 (8) |
| ECMO | 15 (4) |
| Dialysis modality used in initiating RRT in ICU, n (%) | |
| Intermittent hemodialysis | 155 (37) |
| CRRT | 261 (63) |
| Median length of stay, d | 16 |
| Mean duration from hospital admission to ICU transfer, d, mean±SD | 3.6±0.5 |
| Median time-lag from KDIGO Stage 3 to RRT start, h | 14 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | |
| Death | 218 (52) |
| Discharge with recovery from dialysis dependence | 97 (23) |
| Discharge on dialysis | 95 (23) |
| Discharge on hospice | 6 (2) |
M/F, male/female; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; AIN, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score; ICU, intensive care unit; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT, continuous RRT; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes.
a
Missing data not imputed.