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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Occup Environ Med. 2022 Jan 1;64(1):39–45. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002328

Table 3.

Age-adjusted prevalence1 of prescription opioids and illicit drug use among US adult workers, by industry groups: 2005–2014

Rx opioid use
Illicit drug use
Sample No. of Rx opioid Prev.1 (95%CI) No. of illicit drug Prev.1 (95%CI)



All 16,421 615 4.4 (3.9, 4.9) 1,550 9.7 (9.0, 10.4)



Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 252 5 2.5 (0.9, 6.8)# 9 3.8 (1.6, 8.4)#
Mining 92 4 7.4 (2.9, 17.8) # 17 20.1 (13.2, 29.4)
Utilities 125 5 4.6 (1.4, 14.5) # 5 4.2 (1.5, 11.2)#
Construction 1,235 52 5.4 (3.8, 7.6) 180 14.6 (12.2, 17.4)
Manufacturing: durable goods 1,063 29 3.5 (2.1, 5.7) 82 8.1 (6.1, 10.7)
Manufacturing: non-durable goods 750 23 3.7 (2.3, 5.9) 56 9.8 (7.2, 13.2)
Wholesale trade 461 17 4.6 (2.5, 8.1) 51 11.8 (8.7, 15.8)
Retail trade 1,733 68 5.1 (3.7, 7.1) 187 9.2 (7.5, 11.2)
Transportation and warehousing 688 36 4.9 (3.0, 7.9) 57 10.0 (7.4, 13.3)
Information 384 14 3.3 (1.6, 6.7) # 49 13.0 (9.4, 17.6)
Finance and insurance 610 18 3.2 (1.8, 5.5) 47 8.3 (5.6, 12.2)
Real estate and rental & leasing 347 16 5.4 (2.8, 10.3) 51 17.7 (12.0, 25.2)
Professional, scientific, and technical services 878 21 2.9 (1.7, 4.7) 62 7.9 (6.0, 10.2)
Administrative, waste management services 853 29 3.1 (2.0, 4.8) 107 13.2 (10.5, 16.5)
Educational services 1,294 36 2.2 (1.5, 3.2) 71 5.5 (4.0, 7.6)
Health care and social assistance 2,204 103 5.8 (4.6, 7.3) 121 5.4 (4.2, 6.9)
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 358 14 4.3 (2.2, 8.3) 53 17.2 (11.7, 24.6)
Accommodation and food services 1,332 54 6.4 (4.1, 9.7) 220 15.5 (12.2, 19.5)
Other services (except public administration) 800 35 4.3 (2.9, 6.5) 83 12.1 (9.1, 16.0)
Private households 200 6 4.3 (1.8, 10.2)# 6 6.1 (2.6, 13.7)
Public administration 666 27 4.0 (2.7, 5.9) 28 4.0 (2.7, 5.9) #
1

Prevalence estimates were age adjusted to the 2010 U.S. workers standard population by Bureau of Labor Statistics, using five age groups: 18–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65+ years.

2

Marijuana, hashish, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and needle injections drugs (cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, steroids, and any other drugs).

#

The estimate of prevalence is unreliable because the relative standard error of the estimate is larger than 30%.