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. 2022 May 27;21:120. doi: 10.1186/s12943-022-01581-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — MDC1 mediates effects of AP4 on chromosomal instability. A Examples and quantification of micronuclei after DAPI staining. Three fields of 120 cells in total were evaluated. Scale bars: 20 μm. B Kinetic evaluation of micronucleus formation 48 h after transfection with the indicated oligonucleotides or vector. C Representative images of mitotic chromosome spreads. Quantification of 50 spreads per genotype. Scale bars: 20 μm. D Scheme illustrating the assay used for the fluorescence based measurement of HR-mediated DSB repair. E The indicated cells were co-transfected with pDR-GFP and pCBAScel plasmids. A pcDNA-mCherry plasmid was co-transfected as a control of transfection efficiency. The percentage of cells expressing GFP was measured by flow cytometry. F-I The percentage of the indicated cells expressing GFP was measured by flow cytometry 72 h after transfection of the indicated plasmids or oligonucleotides. In A-B and E-I the mean + SD (n = 3) and in C the mean + SD (n = 50) are provided with *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p < 0.0001