TABLE 2.

Ranges of the initial densities, survival rates, and body lengths of Artemia over the course of three experiments

Treatment typea	Result obtained after the indicated period of timeb
	12 h	36 h		84 h		132 h
	Density (10 ml−1)	Survival (%)	Body length (mm)	Survival (%)	Body length (mm)	Survival (%)	Body length (mm)
First test run
Control	105–165	45 ± 27	0.94 ± 0.15	2.2 ± 2.6	–	0	–
Biofilter	91–138	23 ± 23	1.020 ± 0.047	2.5 ± 5.1	–	0	–
PCCM	144–183	90 ± 23*	1.200 ± 0.058*	73 ± 10**	1.73 ± 0.31**	57 ± 18**	2.60 ± 0.83**
Second test run
Control	147–168	88.2 ± 8.6	1.030 ± 0.027	15.7 ± 4.8	1.230 ± 0.093	0	–
Biofilter	138–179	36 ± 21**	1.113 ± 0.056*	0	–	0	–
PCCM	129–172	80 ± 24	1.170 ± 0.047**	38 ± 32	1.630 ± 0.066**	11.1 ± 7.5*	2.43 ± 0.33**
Third test run
Control	197–220	70 ± 15	0.958 ± 0.032	38 ± 17	1.42 ± 0.11	0	–
Biofilter	161–203	46 ± 28	1.015 ± 0.052	2.1 ± 3.3	1.21 ± 0.15	0	–
PCCM	181–195	91 ± 29*	1.040 ± 0.012**	70 ± 22*	1.408 ± 0.077	13.8 ± 7.3**	1.81 ± 0.14**

^aControl, treatment in which Artemia were cultured in autoclaved culture water; biofilter, treatment in which Artemia were cultured in culture water extensively recirculated over a biofilter; PCCM, treatment in which Artemia were cultured in preemptively colonized culture medium. 

^b*, significantly different from the control at a 5% level; **, significantly different from the control at a 1% level; –, not determined due to almost total mortality.