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. 2022 May 19;11(5):998. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050998

Table 1.

Identified compounds in MA-DME.

No Compound Formula Ion Mode Retention Time Extract Mass (m/z) Suggested Role
1 Quinic acid C7H12O6 – 0.59 191.0558 Astringent, anti-viral
2 1-O-Caffeoylquinic acid C16H18O9 – 2.95 353.0874 Phenolic acid, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antihistamine, anti-viral
3 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid C16H18O9 – 3.52 353.0871
4 3-[(4-O-Acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-oxyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl 2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha L-mannopyranoside C32H36O18 – 3.43 707.1825 Flavonoids
5 Benzyl alcohol xylopyranosyl(1->6)glucopyranoside C18H26O10 – 3.71 401.1437 Tea aroma glycosidic precursor bioactivation
6 Apigenin-6-C-glucosylglucoside (Isovitexin) C27H30O15 – 3.79 593.1497 Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-diabetic, anti-viral
+ 3.79 595.2663
7 Apocynoside I C19H30O8 – 3.86 431.1901 Inhibition of CYP2C9—causing aging and lowered disease resistance
8 Corchoionoside C C19H30O8 – 3.86 431.1909 Flavonoids
9 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-hydromethylanthraquinone-3-B-β-D-xylopyranose(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranoside C16H28O14 – 4 563.1395 N/A
+ 3.99 565.2557
10 Apiin C16H28O14 – 4.09 563.1402 Anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal
+ 4.09 565.1562
11 Isochaftoside C16H28O14 – 4.23 563.1399 Flavones
12 7-O-β-D-gluocopyranosylkaempferol C21H20O11 – 4.24 447.0924 Anti-inflammatory , anti-cancer, anti-diabetes
Inhibit vascular endothelial inflammation
Protect the cranial nerve and heart function
Treat fibroproliferative disorders, anti-viral
+ 4.13 449.1083
13 Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β -D-glucopyranoside C27H30O16 – 4.46 609.1453
+ 4.46 611.1618
14 Nelumboroside A C27H30O16 – 4.57 609.1450 Antioxidant
15 3,8-Di-C-glucosylapigenin C27H30O15 – 4.79 593.1499 N/A
16 Genistein-7,4′-di-O-β -D-glucoside C27H30O15 – 4.79 593.1499 Prevents hypertension, anti-cancer, maintaining bone mineral density, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-viral
17 Terestigmine C21H33N3O3 – 9.08 374.2436 Cholinesterase inhibitor (treatment of cognition disorders)
18 N-(3-Methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(5-methyl-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide C13H12N6O8 + 0.56 381.0795 N/A
19 Guanine C5H5N5O + 1.45 152.0566 Nucleobases
20 Daidzein-4′,7-diglucoside C27H30O14 + 4.42 579.1728 Phytoestrogen
21 Viscidulin I C15H10O7 + 4.46 303.0502 Inhibitor of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (protein Glypican-3)
22 Viscumneoside III C25H26O13 + 4.47 535.1454 Tyrosinase inhibition (skin whitening)
23 Aloe emodin 8-glucoside C21H20O10 – 4.51 431.0971 Anti-diabetic, DNA targeting molecule, anti-viral
+ 4.51 433.1132
24 3,7,8,3′,4′-Pentahydroxyflavone
(Quercetin) 		C15H10O7 + 4.63 303.0499 Strong antioxidant flavonoids, xanthine oxidase inhibition, antihyperuricemic, anti-inflammatory, enhances immune-regulation
25 Rubianic acid (dithiooxamide) C25H26O13 + 4.65 535.1451 Chelating agent (detection of copper), building block in the synthesis of cyclen
26 3-Hydroxy baicalein C15H10O6 + 4.79 287.0548 Anxiolytic, antiestrogen, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-viral
27 7-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-methoxyxanthone C15H10O6 + 4.79 287.0548 N/A
28 6,6′-Iminobis(2,2-dimethyl-1-hexanol) C16H35NO2 + 7.7 274.2738 N/A
29 N~2~-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-Amino-6-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-2-isopropylhexanoyl]-N-[2-pyridinylmethyl)-L-isoleucinamide C27H46N4O3 + 9.08 475.3646 N/A
30 4-N-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)butanamide C19H27N9O + 9.08 398.2415 N/A
31 1-Methyl-2-[(Z)-8-tetradecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone C24H35NO + 9.08 276.2596 N/A
32 O-Benzyl-N-[9-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)nonanoyl]-L-seryl-N~6~-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-N-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-L-lysinamide) C44H64N6O6 + 9.08 773.4956 N/A

Bold: Main phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Italic and Bold: Potential cosmetic compounds.