Table 3.
Echocardiographic data for left ventricular systolic function.
| C (n = 14) |
C + DAPA (n = 14) |
DM (n = 20) |
DM + DAPA (n = 20) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFS (%) | 52.9 ± 4.51 | 49.5 ± 3.64 | 44.9 ± 4.73 * | 46.5 ± 4.99 |
| Ejection fraction | 0.89 ± 0.03 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | 0.83 ± 0.04 * | 0.84 ± 0.04 # |
| PWSV (mm/s) | 39.9 ± 4.23 | 36.3 ± 4.58 * | 30.1 ± 3.83 * | 33.6 ± 4.85 § |
| Tei Index | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.08 * | 0.49 ± 0.07 § |
| Lateral TDI-S’ (cm/s) | 3.50 (3.30–4.00) | 3.65 (3.40–4.00) | 3.30 (3.10–3.40) * | 3.45 (3.10–3.70) |
| Septal TDI-S’ (cm/s) | 3.63 ± 0.50 | 3.41 ± 0.36 | 3.22 ± 0.39 * | 3.29 ± 0.35 |
| Mean TDI-S’ (cm/s) | 3.58 (3.45–3.80) | 3.48 (3.35–3.70) | 3.20 (3.10–3.40) * | 3.35 (3.08–3.68) |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median and 25th and 75th percentiles. C: control; C + DAPA: control treated with dapagliflozin; DM: diabetes mellitus; DM + DAPA: DM treated with dapagliflozin; EFS: endocardial fractional shortening; PWSV: posterior wall shortening velocity; Tei: myocardial performance index; TDI-S’: tissue Doppler imaging for systolic velocity of the mitral annulus (lateral, septal, and average). ANOVA for a 2 × 2 factorial design and Tukey or Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn; * p < 0.05 vs. C; # p < 0.05 vs. C + DAPA; § p < 0.05 vs. DM.